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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

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01-05-2009

Hyperactivity, Impulsivity, Inattention (HIA) and Conduct Problems among African American Youth: The Roles of Neighborhood and Gender

Auteurs: Alecia Zalot, Deborah J. Jones, Carlye Kincaid, Tasia Smith

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 4/2009

Abstract

This study replicated and extended prior research by examining neighborhood context as a moderator of the relation between the constellation of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attention (HIA) difficulties and conduct problems among African American youth (11–16 years old; 55% girls) from single mother homes (N = 193). Using audio computer-assisted interview (ACASI) software, mother-child dyads provided ratings of HIA difficulties and two domains of conduct problems: aggression and rule-breaking. In addition, both subjective (mother-report) and objective (census data) indices of neighborhood context were assessed. Findings revealed that both subjective and objective indices of neighborhood context moderated the relation between HIA and conduct problems, but the pattern of moderation differed depending on the index and combination of reporters. Future research directions and implications of the findings are discussed.

vorige artikel Hyperactivity in Boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Ubiquitous Core Symptom or Manifestation of Working Memory Deficits?

volgende artikel Heterogeneity in ADHD: Neuropsychological Pathways, Comorbidity and Symptom Domains

Given that participants living within the same census tract may have been influenced by a common neighborhood environment, nesting among observations was examined to determine if hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was necessary (Raudenbush and Bryk 2002). The following results supported the use of regression rather than HLM: a. the study sample resided within a total of 99 census tracts, 50 of the tracts contained only one participating family, and the maximum number of families residing within a single tract was seven; b. the ICCs for YSR conduct problems indicated that less than 1% (0.59%) of the variance in conduct problems was due to between-tract differences, and the remaining variance (99.41%) was due to differences among participants within tracts (i.e., sample not nested); c. comparisons of HLM, SUDAN, and OLS resulted in virtually identical parameter estimates and standard errors; d. only the simplest of models was estimable when using an HLM framework (i.e., gender as the only predictor), which typically degenerated to an OLS regression model due to the lack of a nested structure.

This pattern of findings remained when adding age as a potential moderator and including all additional two-, three-, and four-way interactions (all ns) in their respective blocks.

Exploratory analyses revealed that this 3-way interaction was also obtained for two subscales of the PNS, Neighborhood Satisfaction, ß = 0.27, p < 0.01, and, Perceived Crime, ß = 0.20, p < 0.05. Moreover, this 3-way interaction was maintained for both Neighborhood Satisfaction, ß = 0.27, p < 0.001, and Perceived Crime, ß = 0.20, p < 0.05, when examining the YSR full scale as well. Explication revealed the same pattern as Figs. 1 and 2.

Exploratory analyses revealed that this 3-way interaction was also obtained for two subscales of the PNS, Neighborhood Satisfaction, ß = 0.27, p < 0.01, and, Perceived Crime, ß = 0.20, p < 0.05. Moreover, this 3-way interaction was maintained for both Neighborhood Satisfaction, ß = 0.27, p < 0.01, and Perceived Crime, ß = 0.20, p < 0.05, when examining the YSR full scale as well. Explication revealed the same pattern as Figs. 1 and 2.

Exploratory analyses examining subscales of the PNS, the YSR Rule-Breaking Subscale, or the YSR Full Scale yielded no significant interactions.

This pattern of findings remained when adding age as a potential moderator and including all additional two-, three-, and four-way interactions (all ns) in their respective blocks.

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Titel: Hyperactivity, Impulsivity, Inattention (HIA) and Conduct Problems among African American Youth: The Roles of Neighborhood and Gender
Auteurs: Alecia Zalot
Deborah J. Jones
Carlye Kincaid
Tasia Smith
Publicatiedatum: 01-05-2009
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 4/2009
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-008-9296-7

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