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Unobserved Heterogeneity of Frailty in the Analysis of Socioeconomic Differences in Health and Mortality

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Abstract

The concepts of unobserved frailty and selection have been extensively analyzed with respect to phenomena like mortality deceleration at old ages and mortality convergence or cross overs between populations (for example American black and white populations, men and women). Despite the long-time observation of converging mortality risks in differential socioeconomic mortality research, the interest in the connection between frailty, selection, and health and mortality inequalities over a life course approach has increased only recently. This overview of the literature summarizes the main concepts of unobserved frailty and socioeconomic differences in mortality and how frailty and selection relate to these differences at old ages. It then reviews the evidence coming from the existing studies. Although the number of studies is still limited, the body of research on unobserved frailty and socioeconomic inequalities in health and mortality in a life course approach is growing. The results, however, are contradictory, and whether selection plays a major role in shaping the observed socioeconomic mortality patterns at old ages is still controversial.

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Notes

  1. In the investigation of decreasing health inequalities at older ages, one should be aware that these inequalities might be displaying cohort effects and not just age effects as showed by Willson et al. (2007) and Masters (2012).

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  1. Max Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9, 5000, Odense, Denmark

    Virginia Zarulli

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Zarulli, V. Unobserved Heterogeneity of Frailty in the Analysis of Socioeconomic Differences in Health and Mortality. Eur J Population 32, 55–72 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-015-9361-1

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