Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

FamilyLive: Parental Skill Building for Caregivers with Interpersonal Trauma Exposures

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Clinical Social Work Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Mental health treatments for emotionally traumatized children incorporate family and caregiver-child therapy sessions to promote child recovery and minimize developmental disruption. Such sessions require that caregivers regulate their emotions to remain productively engaged in the therapeutic process. However, caregivers with histories of unresolved interpersonal trauma have difficulty with emotional regulation. Interpersonal trauma also negatively affects the ability to reflect on one’s own and others’ feelings and intentions. This limitation interferes with caregiver engagement in psychotherapy relationships aimed at supporting child trauma work. FamilyLive is an innovative caregiver-focused family therapy model that uses a one-way mirror, a specially trained reflecting team, structured routines and individualized verbalizations to address this complex clinical phenomenon. Guided by the literature on attachment and trauma, FamilyLive has yielded anecdotal successes and positive pilot results. FamilyLive is a viable approach to engaging caregivers with histories of interpersonal trauma in trauma-focused child and family therapy relationships.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bateman, A. W., & Fonagy, P. (2003). The development of an attachment-based treatment program for borderline personality disorder. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 67(3), 187–211.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bateman, A. W., & Fonagy, P. (2008a). Mentalization-based treatment for BPD. Social Work in Mental Health, 6(1/2), 187–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bateman, A. W., & Fonagy, P. (2008b). Mentalizing in clinical practice. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briere, J., & Spinazzola, J. (2005). Phenomenology and psychological assessment of complex posttraumatic states. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 401–412.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, J., & Epstein, M. (2004). The Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale—2 (BERS—2): Providing a comprehensive approach to strength-based assessment. The California School Psychologist, 9, 21–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chu, A., & DePrince, A. (2006). Development of dissociation: Examining the relationship between parenting, maternal trauma and child dissociation. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 7(4), 75–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Deblinger, E. (2006). Treating trauma and traumatic grief in children and adolescents. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, K., Connors, K., Davis, S., Donohue, A., Gardner, S., Goldblatt, E., et al. (2010). Understanding the impact of trauma and urban poverty on family systems: Risks, resilience, and interventions. Baltimore, MD: Family Informed Trauma Treatment Center. http://fittcenter.umaryland.edu/TheModel.aspx.

  • Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E., & Target, M. (2002). Affect regulation, mentalization, and the development of the self. New York: Other Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fonagy, P., Steele, H., Moran, G., Steele, M., & Higgitt, A. (1991). The capacity for understanding mental states: The reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security of attachment. Infant Mental Health Journal, 13, 200–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fonagy, P., Steele, M., Steele, H., Leigh, T., Kennedy, R., Mattoon, G., et al. (1995). Attachment, the reflective self, and borderline states: The predictive specificity of the adult attachment interview and pathological emotional development. In S. Goldberg, R. Muir, J. Kerr, S. Goldberg, R. Muir, & J. Kerr (Eds.), Attachment theory: Social, developmental, and clinical perspectives (pp. 233–278). Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fonagy, P., & Target, M. (2005). Bridging the transmission gap: An end to an important mystery of attachment research. Attachment and Human Development, 7(3), 333–343.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, J., & Combs, G. (1996). Narrative therapy: The social construction of preferred realities. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, S., & Belcher, H. (2012). [National child traumatic stress network quality improvement initiative database]. Unpublished raw data.

  • Gergely, G., & Unoka, Z. (2008). Attachment, affect-regulation, and mentalization: The developmental origins of the representational affective self. In C. Sharp, P. Fonagy, I. Goodyer, C. Sharp, P. Fonagy, & I. Goodyer (Eds.), Social cognition and developmental psychopathology (pp. 305–342). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (Retrieved from EBSCOhost).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Grienenberger, J., Kelly, K., & Slade, A. (2005). Maternal reflective functioning, mother-infant affective communication, and infant attachment: Exploring the link between mental states and observed caregiving behavior in the intergenerational transmission of attachment. Attachment & Human Development, 7(3), 299–311. doi:10.1080/14616730500245963.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolko, D. J. (1996). Individual cognitive-behavioral treatment and family therapy for physically abused children and their offending parents: A comparison of clinical outcomes. Child Maltreatment, 1, 322–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenberg, J. D. (2003). Communication in infancy. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 23, 498–520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madanes, C. (1984). Behind the one-way mirror, advances in the practice of strategic therapy. Need City: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahler, M., Pine, F., & Bergman, A. (1975). The psychological birth of the human infant symbiosis and individuation. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selman, R. (1975). Level of social perspective taking and the development of empathy in children: Speculations from a social-cognitive viewpoint. Journal of Moral Education, 5(1), 35–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slade, A. (2005). Parental reflective functioning: An introduction. Attachment & Human Development, 7(3), 269–281. doi:10.1080/14616730500245906.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strieder, F. H., Gallagher, M., & Gardner, S. (1994). Family therapy: A developmental interactional approach. Baltimore, MD: Maryland Family and Children’s Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Kolk, B. A., Pelcovitz, D., Roth, S., & Mandel, F. S. (1996). Dissociation, somatization, and affect dysregulation: The complexity of adaption to trauma. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 153(Suppl), 83–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Supported by The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SAMHSA) through the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sarah Gardner.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gardner, S., Loya, T. & Hyman, C. FamilyLive: Parental Skill Building for Caregivers with Interpersonal Trauma Exposures. Clin Soc Work J 42, 81–89 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-012-0428-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-012-0428-8

Keywords

Navigation