Skip to main content
Log in

ATTACHMENT THEORY AND RESEARCH APPLIED TO THE CONCEPTUALIZATION AND TREATMENT OF PATHOLOGICAL NARCISSISM

  • Published:
Clinical Social Work Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the relevance of attachment theory and research in the conceptualization and treatment of pathological narcissism. It is proposed that the relational context of individual development and the interpersonal interpretative capacities that emerge as part of the attachment system may be salient factors in the etiology and treatment of narcissism. Included is an overview of research on attachment models and their correlation to adult psychopathology and to narcissistic personality disorders. It is suggested that internalization and maintenance of a “secure base” and improvement in self-reflective functioning informs and enriches the clinical treatment of adults with narcissistic features.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ainsworth M. D. S., (1967). Infancy in Uganda: Infant care and the growth of love Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • Ainsworth M. D. S., Blehar M., Waters E., Wall S., (1978). Patterns of attachment Earlbaum. Hillsdale, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychological Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (Vol. IV-TR). Washington, DC: APA

  • Bennett S., (2004). Viewing telephone therapy through the lens of attachment theory and infant research Clinical Social Work Journal 32(4): 239–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bateman A., Fonagy P., (2003). The development of an attachment-based treatment program for borderline personality disorder Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 67(3): 187–211

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blatt S., Levy K., (2003). Attachment theory, psychoanalysis, personality development, and psychopathology Psychoanalytic Inquiry 23(1): 102–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby J., (1969/1982) Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nd ed.) Basic Books. New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby J., (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation Basic Books New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby J., (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss Basic Books New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby J., (1988). A secure base Basic Books New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Brennan K., Shaver P., (1998). Attachment styles and personality disorders: Their connections to each other and to parental divorce, parental death, and perceptions of parental caregiving Journal of Personality 66(5): 836–877

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brenner C., (1957). An elementary textbook of psychoanalysis Doubleday Garden City, NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortina M., (2003). Defensive processes, emotions and internal working models In M. Cortina, M. Marrone, (Eds.), Attachment theory and the psychoanalytic process Whurr Publishers London 271–306

    Google Scholar 

  • Dozier M., Stovall C., Albus K., (1999) Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood. In J. Cassidy, P. Shaver, (Eds), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications Guilford New York, 497–519

    Google Scholar 

  • Eagle M., (2003) Clinical implications of attachment theory Psychoanalytic Inquiry 23(1): 27–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Egeland, B., Weinfield, N., Bosquet, M., & Cheng, V., (2000). Remembering, repeating, and working through: Lessons from attachment-based interventions. In J. D. Osofsky & H. E. Fitzgerald (Eds.), Infant mental health in groups at high risk. WAIMH handbook of infant mental health. Vol. 4 New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 35–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Fish B., Dudas K., (1999). The relevance of attachment research for adult narratives told in psychotherapy Clinical Social Work Journal 27(1):27–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fonagy P., (2001). Attachment theory and psychoanalysis Other Press New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Fonagy P., (2003). The development of psychopathology from infancy to adulthood: The mysterious unfolding of disturbance in time Infant Mental Health Journal 24(3): 212–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freud S., (1914). On narcissism: An introduction. Standard Edition, 14 Hogarth Press. London, 117–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabbard G., (2000). Psychodynamic psychiatry in clinical practice American Psychiatric Press Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1996). Adult attachment interview (3rd ed.). Unpublished manuscript, University of California at Berkeley

  • Hertz P., (1996). Borderline and narcissistic personality disorders. In J. Berzoff, Flanagan L., Hertz P., (Eds.), Inside out and outside in: Psychodynamic clinical theory and practice in contemporary multicultural contexts. Jason Aronson. Northvale, NJ, 299–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Hesse E., (1999). The adult attachment interview: Historical and current perspectives. In J. Cassidy, Shaver P., (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications. Guilford. New York, 395–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes J., (1996). Attachment, intimacy, autonomy: Using attachment theory in adult psychotherapy. Jason Aronson. Northvale, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, J. (2003, February). Attachment and narcissism. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Institute for Object Relations Therapy, Washington, DC

  • Imbessi L., (1999). The making of a narcissist Clinical Social Work Journal 27(1): 41–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kernberg O., (1975). Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism. Jason Aronson. New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohut H., (1971). The analysis of the self: A systematic approach to the psychoanalytic treatment of narcissistic personality disorders. International Universities Press. Madison, CT

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyddon W., Sherry A., (2001). Developmental personality styles: An attachment theory conceptualization of personality disorders Journal of Counseling & Development 79:405–414

    Google Scholar 

  • Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. In I. Bretherton & E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points of attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50(1–2), Serial No. 209, 66–104

  • Marvin R., Cooper G., Hoffman K., Powell B., (2002). The circle of security project: Attachment-based intervention with caregiver–pre-school child dyads Attachment & Human Development 4(1):107–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell S., (2000). Relationality: From attachment to intersubjectivity. The Analytic Press. Hillsdale, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell S., (1999). The wings of Icarus: Illusion and the problem of narcissism. In S. Mitchell, Aaron L., (Eds.), Relational psychoanalysis: The emergence of a tradition. The Analytic Press. Hillsdale, NJ, 153–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Morf C., Rhodewalt F., (2001). Expanding the dynamic self-regulatory processing model of narcissism: Research directions for the future Psychological Inquiry 12(4): 243–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roisman G., Padron E., Sroufe A., Egeland B., (2002). Earned-secure attachment status in retrospect and prospect Child Development 73(4):1204–1219

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sable P., (2000). Attachment and adult psychotherapy. Jason Aronson. Northvale, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Schore A., (2000). Attachment and the regulation of the right brain Attachment & Human Development 2(1): 23–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel D., (1999). The developing mind: How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are. Guilford. New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Slade A., (1999). Attachment theory and research: Implications for the theory and practice of individual psychotherapy with adults. In J. Cassidy, Shaver P., (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications. Guilford. New York, 575–594

    Google Scholar 

  • Soloman J., George C., (1999). The place of disorganization in attachment theory: Linking classic observations with contemporary findings. In J. Soloman, George C., (Eds.), Attachment disorganization. Guilford. New York, 3–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Sroufe L. A., (2000). Early relationships and the development of children Infant Mental Health Journal 27(1–2): 67–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Susanne Bennett Ph.D..

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bennett, C. ATTACHMENT THEORY AND RESEARCH APPLIED TO THE CONCEPTUALIZATION AND TREATMENT OF PATHOLOGICAL NARCISSISM. Clin Soc Work J 34, 45–60 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-005-0001-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-005-0001-9

Keywords

Navigation