Top

Gepubliceerd in:

10-05-2015 | Original Article

Relationships Between Probability Estimates, Cost Estimates, and Social Anxiety During CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder

Auteurs: Bree Gregory, Lorna Peters, Maree J. Abbott, Jonathan E. Gaston, Ronald M. Rapee

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 5/2015

Abstract

The present study examined the reciprocal relationships between probability estimates, cost estimates, and social anxiety during a 12-week course of cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD). One hundred and sixty-three individuals with a principal diagnosis of SAD completed a weekly tracking measure that included questions about probability and cost estimates for negative consequences and current levels of social anxiety relating to a hypothetical speech task. Paired-samples t tests revealed that these variables changed from pre-to-post treatment. Cross-lagged path analyses revealed that cost estimates predicted subsequent changes in social anxiety levels early in treatment, over and above previous anxiety ratings, while probability estimates predicted subsequent levels of social anxiety at the final stages of treatment, over and above previous anxiety ratings. Overall, the results indicated that (1) cost bias early in treatment predicts subsequent social anxiety levels, and (2) both probability and cost estimates seem to play important, but seemingly independent, roles as mechanisms of change in CBT for SAD.

vorige artikel The Benefits of Doubt: Cognitive Bias Correction Reduces Hasty Decision-Making in Schizophrenia

volgende artikel Examining the Relationships Among Social Anxiety, Fears of Evaluation, and Interpretation Bias

n = 22 participants were included in Rapee et al. (2009); n = 141 participants were included in Rapee et al. (2013).

Aderka, I. M., McLean, C. P., Huppert, J. D., Davidson, J. R. T., & Foa, E. B. (2013). Fear, avoidance and psychological symptoms during cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 352–358. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.03.007.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Andrews, G., Freed, S., & Teesson, M. (1994). Proximity and anticipation of a negative outcome in phobias. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 643–645. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90020-5.CrossRefPubMed

Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International Universities Press.

Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indices in structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238–246. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238.CrossRefPubMed

Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structure. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588–606. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588.CrossRef

Bentler, P. M., & Moojaart, A. (1989). Choice of structural equation models via parsimony: A rational based on precision. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 315–317. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.106.2.315.CrossRefPubMed

Carr, A. T. (1974). Compulsive neurosis: A review of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 81, 311–318. doi:10.1037/h0036473.CrossRefPubMed

Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment (pp. 69–93). New York: Guilford Press.

Davidson, J. R. T., Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Keefe, F. J., Franklin, M. E., Compton, J. S., & Gadde, K. M. (2004). Fluoxetine, comprehensive cognitive behavioral therapy, and placeboin generalized social phobia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 1005–1013. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.10.1005.CrossRefPubMed

Di Nardo, P. A., Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1994). Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV-Lifetime version. Allbany, NY: Grey-wind Publications.

Foa, E. B., Franklin, M. E., Perry, K. J., & Herbert, J. D. (1996). Cognitive biases in generalized social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 433–439. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.105.3.433.CrossRefPubMed

Gilboa-Schechtman, E., Franklin, M. E., & Foa, E. B. (2000). Anticipated reactions to social events: Differences among individuals with generalised social phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, and nonanxious controls. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24, 731–746. doi:10.1023/A:1005595513315.CrossRef

Goldin, P. R., Lee, I., Zic, M., Jazaieri, H., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2014). Trajectories of change in emotion regulation and social anxiety disorder during cognitive behavioural therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 56, 7–15. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.02.005.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy mediates the effects of individual cognitive-behaviour therapy for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 1034–1040. doi:10.1037/a0028555.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Heimberg, R. G., & Becker, R. E. (2002). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia: Basic mechanisms and clinical strategies. New York: Guilford.

Heimberg, R. G., Brozovich, F. A., & Rapee, R. M. (2010). A cognitive-behavioral model of social anxiety disorder: Update and extension. In S. G. Hofmann & P. M. DiBartolo (Eds.), Social anxiety: Clinical, developmental, and social perspectives (pp. 395–422). New York: Academic Press.CrossRef

Hoffart, A., Borge, F. M., Sexton, H., & Clark, D. M. (2009). Change processes in residential cognitive and interpersonal psychotherapy for social phobia: A process-outcome study. Behavior Therapy, 40, 10–22. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2007.12.003.CrossRefPubMed

Hofmann, S. G. (2004). Cognitive mediation of treatment change in social phobia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 392–399. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.72.3.392.CrossRef

Hofmann, S. G. (2007). Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: A comprehensive model and its treatment implications. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 36, 193–209. doi:10.1080/16506070701421313.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118.CrossRef

Kazdin, A. E. (2007). Mediators and mechanisms of change in psychotherapy research. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 3, 1–27. doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091432.CrossRefPubMed

Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1989). The analysis of social science data with missing values. Sociological Methods & Research, 18, 292–326. doi:10.1177/0049124189018002004.CrossRef

Loranger, A. W., Janca, A., & Sartorius, N. (1997). Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef

Lucock, M. P., & Salkovskis, P. M. (1988). Cognitive factors in social anxiety and its treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 26, 297–302. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(88)90081-2.CrossRefPubMed

McManus, F., Glark, D. M., & Hackmann, A. (2000). Specificity of cognitive biases in social phobia and their role in recovery. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 28, 201–209. doi:10.1891/0889-8391.24.3.213.CrossRef

Morrison, A. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2013). Social anxiety and social anxiety disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 249–274. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185631.CrossRefPubMed

Moscovitch, D. A. (2009). What is the core fear in social phobia? A new model to facilitate individualized case conceptualisation and treatment. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 16, 123–134. doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.04.002.CrossRef

Nelson, E. A., Deacon, B. J., Lickel, J. J., & Sy, J. T. (2010a). Targeting the probability versus cost of fears outcomes in public speaking anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 282–289. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.007.CrossRefPubMed

Nelson, E. A., Lickel, J. J., Sy, J. T., Dixon, L. J., & Deacon, B. J. (2010b). Probability and cost biases in social phobia: Nature, specificity, and relationship to treatment outcome. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 24, 213–228. doi:10.1891/0889-8391.24.3.213.CrossRef

Norton, P. J., & Price, E. C. (2007). A meta-analytic review of adult cognitive-behavioral treatment outcome across the anxiety disorders. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 521–531. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000253843.70149.9a.CrossRefPubMed

O’Toole, M. S., Mennin, D. S., Hougaard, E., Zachariae, R., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2014). Cognitive and emotion regulation change processes in cognitive behavioural therapy for social anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy,. doi:10.1002/cpp.1926.

Otto, M. W., Pollack, M. H., Gould, R. A., Worthington, J. J, I. I. I., McArdle, E. T., Rosenbaum, J. F., & Heimberg, R. G. (2000). A comparison of the efficacy of clonazepam and cognitive-behavioral group therapy for the treatment of social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 14, 345–358. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(00)00027-X.CrossRefPubMed

Rapee, R. M., Gaston, J. E., & Abbott, M. J. (2009). Testing the efficacy of theoretically derived improvements in the treatment of social phobia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 317–327. doi:10.1037/a0014800.CrossRefPubMed

Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 741–756. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00022-3.CrossRefPubMed

Rapee, R. M., MacLeod, C., Carpenter, L., Gaston, J. E., Frei, J., Peters, L., & Baillie, A. J. (2013). Integrating cognitive bias modification into a standard cognitive behavioural treatment package for social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 207–215. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.01.005.CrossRefPubMed

Rapee, R. M., & Sanderson, W. C. (1998). Social phobia: Clinical application of evidence-based psychotherapy. Northvale, NJ: Aronson.

Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Scaling corrections for Chi square statistics in covariance structure analysis. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association (pp. 308–313).

Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2001). A scaled difference Chi square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66, 507–514. doi:10.1007/BF02296192.CrossRef

Smits, J. A., Rosenfield, D., McDonald, R., & Telch, M. J. (2006). Cognitive mechanisms of social anxiety reduction: An examination of specificity and temporality. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 1203–1212. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.74.6.1203.CrossRefPubMed

Steiger, J. H. (1980). Test for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 245–251. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.87.2.245.CrossRef

Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2004). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson Publications.

Uren, T. H., Szabó, M., & Lovibond, P. F. (2004). Probability and cost estimates for social and physical outcomes in social phobia and panic disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 18, 481–498. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(03)00028-8.CrossRefPubMed

Voncken, M. J., Bo¨gels, S. M., & de Vries, K. (2003). Interpretation and judgmental biases in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1481–1488. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00143-8.CrossRefPubMed

Voncken, M. H., & Bögels, S. M. (2006). Changing interpretation and judgmental bias in social phobia: A pilot study of a short, highly structured cognitive treatment. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 20, 59–73. doi:10.1891/0889-8391.24.3.213.CrossRef

Wilson, J. K., & Rapee, R. M. (2005). The interpretation of negative social events in social phobia: Changes during treatment and relationship to outcome. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 373–389. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.02.006.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Relationships Between Probability Estimates, Cost Estimates, and Social Anxiety During CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder
Auteurs: Bree Gregory
Lorna Peters
Maree J. Abbott
Jonathan E. Gaston
Ronald M. Rapee
Publicatiedatum: 10-05-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 5/2015
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-015-9692-6

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2015

The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity in the Relation Between Experiential Avoidance and Anxious Arousal, Depressive, and Suicidal Symptoms Among Latinos in Primary Care

Examining the Relationships Among Social Anxiety, Fears of Evaluation, and Interpretation Bias

Facilitating Emotional Processing: An Experimental Induction of Psychotherapeutically Relevant Affective States

The Relationship Between Anxiety Sensitivity and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: What is the Impact of Nicotine Withdrawal?

Child Anxiety and the Processing of Ambiguity

Clinical Change in Cognitive Distortions and Core Schemas After a Cognitive–Behavioral Group Intervention: Preliminary Findings from a Randomized Trial with Male Prison Inmates