Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-08-2013 | Brief Report

Examination of Increased Mental Contamination as a Potential Mechanism in the Association Between Disgust Sensitivity and Sexual Assault-Related Posttraumatic Stress

Auteurs: Christal L. Badour, Matthew T. Feldner, Heidemarie Blumenthal, Sarah J. Bujarski

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 4/2013

Abstract

Disgust sensitivity and feelings of mental contamination have both been independently linked to posttraumatic stress symptoms following sexual assault. Theory suggests that feelings of mental contamination may arise, at least in part, as a result of interpreting feelings of disgust experienced in relation to sexual assault to mean that one has been contaminated or tainted by the experience. This study involved an initial test of this model by examining relations among disgust sensitivity, feelings of mental contamination, and posttraumatic stress symptom severity among a sample of female sexual assault victims. Results suggested that one mechanism through which disgust sensitivity might relate to posttraumatic stress symptom severity is through its association with increased feelings of mental contamination. These findings highlight the importance of assessing feelings of disgust and mental contamination among victims of sexual assault, and the need for future research to elucidate the nature of these relations with posttraumatic stress.

vorige artikel Sudden Gains During Patient-Directed Expressive Writing Treatment Predicts Depression Reduction in Women with History of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial

volgende artikel Can Concreteness Training Alone Reduce Depressive Symptoms? A Randomized Pilot Study Using an Internet-Delivered Protocol

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington: Author.

Badour, C. L., Feldner, M. T., Blumenthal, H., Bujarski, S. J., Leen-Feldner, E. W., & Babson, K. A. (2011). Specificity of peritraumatic fear in predicting panic-relevant reactivity to a biological challenge among traumatic event-exposed adolescents. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 42, 427–438. doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9380-0.

Badour, C. L., Bown, S., Adams, T. G., Bunaciu, L., & Feldner, M. (2012). Specificity of fear and disgust experienced during traumatic interpersonal victimization in predicting posttraumatic stress and contamination-based obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26, 590–598. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.03.001.PubMedCrossRef

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.PubMedCrossRef

Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L. M., Kaloupek, D. G., Gusman, F. D., Charney, D. S., et al. (1995). The development of a clinician-administered PTSD scale. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 8, 75–90. doi:10.1002/jts.2490080106.PubMedCrossRef

Cisler, J. M., Olatunji, B. O., & Lohr, J. M. (2009). Disgust sensitivity and emotion regulation potentiate the effect of disgust propensity on spider fear, blood-injection-injury fear, and contamination fear. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 219–229. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.10.002.PubMedCrossRef

de Silva, P., & Marks, M. (1999). The role of traumatic experiences in the genesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 941–951. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00185-5.PubMedCrossRef

Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 319–345. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00123-0.PubMedCrossRef

Engelhard, I. M., Olatunji, B. O., & de Jong, P. J. (2011). Disgust and the development of posttraumatic stress among soldiers deployed to Afghanistan. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 58–63. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.08.003.PubMedCrossRef

Fairbrother, N., & Rachman, S. (2004). Feelings of mental pollution subsequent to sexual assault. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 173–189. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00108-6.PubMedCrossRef

Feldner, M. T., Frala, J., Badour, C., Leen-Feldner, E. W., & Olatunji, B. O. (2010). An empirical test of the association between disgust and sexual assault. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 3, 11–22. doi:10.1521/ijct.2010.3.1.11.CrossRef

Foa, E. B., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2001). Treating the trauma of rape: Cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD. New York: Guilford Press.

Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76, 408–420. doi:10.1080/03637750903310360.CrossRef

Hayes, A. F. (2012). An analytical primer and computational tool for observing variable moderation, mediation, and conditional process modeling. Manuscript under review.

Jung, K., & Steil, R. (2012). The feeling of being contaminated in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse and its treatment via a two-session program of cognitive restructuring and imagery modification: A case study. Behavior Modification, 36, 67–86. doi:10.1177/0145445511421436.PubMedCrossRef

Marshall, G. N., Miles, J. N. V., & Stewart, S. H. (2010). Anxiety sensitivity and PTSD symptom severity are reciprocally related: Evidence from a longitudinal study of physical trauma survivors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 143–150. doi:10.1037/a0018009.PubMedCrossRef

Olatunji, B. O. (2009). Incremental specificity of disgust propensity and sensitivity in the prediction of health anxiety dimensions. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 230–239. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.10.003.PubMedCrossRef

Olatunji, B. O., Cisler, J. M., Deacon, B. J., Connolly, K., & Lohr, J. M. (2007). The disgust propensity and sensitivity scale-revised: Psychometric properties and specificity in relation to anxiety disorder symptoms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 917–930. doi:10.1016/j.anxdis.2006.12.005.

Olatunji, B. O., Elwood, L., Williams, N., & Lohr, J. M. (2008). Feelings of mental pollution and PTSD symptoms in victims of sexual assault. The mediating role of trauma-related cognitions. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 22, 37–47. doi:10.1891/0889.8391.22.1.37.CrossRef

Petrak, J., Doyle, A.-M., Williams, L., Buchan, L., & Forster, G. (1997). The psychological impact of sexual assault: A study of female attenders of a sexual health psychology service. Sexual and Marital Therapy, 12, 339–345. doi:10.1080/02674659708408177.CrossRef

Rachman, S. (1994). Pollution of the mind. Behavior Research and Therapy, 32, 311–314. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90127-9.CrossRef

Rüsch, N., Schulz, D., Valerius, G., Steil, R., Bohus, M., & Schmahl, C. (2011). Disgust and implicit self-concept in women with borderline personality disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 261, 369–376. doi:10.1007/s00406-010-0174-2.PubMedCrossRef

Ruscio, A. M., Ruscio, J., & Keane, T. M. (2002). The latent structure of posttraumatic stress disorder. A taxometric investigation of reactions to extreme stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 290–301. doi:10.1037//001-843X.111.2.290.PubMedCrossRef

Shin, L. M., McNally, R. J., Kosslyn, S. M., Thompson, W. L., Rauch, S. L., Alpert, N., et al. (1999). Regional cerebral blood flow during script-driven imagery in childhood sexual abuse-related PTSD: A PET investigation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 575–584.PubMed

Steil, R., Jung, K., & Stangier, U. (2011). Efficacy of a two-session program of cognitive restructuring and imagery modification to reduce the feeling of being contaminated in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse: A pilot study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42, 325–329. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.01.008.PubMedCrossRef

van Overveld, W. J. M., de Jong, P. J., Peters, M. L., Cavanagh, K., & Davey, G. C. L. (2006). Disgust propensity and disgust sensitivity: Separate constructs that are differentially related to specific fears. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 1241–1252. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.04.021.CrossRef

Weathers, F. W., Keane, T. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2001). Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale: A review of the first 10 years of research. Depression and Anxiety, 13, 132–156. doi:10.1002/da.1029.PubMedCrossRef

Williams, J., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Resampling and distribution of the product methods for testing indirect effects in complex models. Structural Equation Modeling, 15, 23–51. doi:10.1080/10705510701758166.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Examination of Increased Mental Contamination as a Potential Mechanism in the Association Between Disgust Sensitivity and Sexual Assault-Related Posttraumatic Stress
Auteurs: Christal L. Badour
Matthew T. Feldner
Heidemarie Blumenthal
Sarah J. Bujarski
Publicatiedatum: 01-08-2013
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 4/2013
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-013-9529-0

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2013

Intolerance of Uncertainty and PTSD Symptoms: Exploring the Construct Relationship in a Community Sample with a Heterogeneous Trauma History

Parental and Family Factors as Predictors of Threat Bias in Anxious Youth

Experiential Avoidance in Individuals with Hoarding Disorder

Feeling Too Regretful to Fall Asleep: Experimental Activation of Regret Delays Sleep Onset

Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Prospectively Predicts Subclinical Paranoia

Neural Correlates of Three Neurocognitive Intervention Strategies: A Preliminary Step Towards Personalized Treatment for Psychological Disorders