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01-06-2010 | Original Article

The Cognitive Flexibility Inventory: Instrument Development and Estimates of Reliability and Validity

Auteurs: John P. Dennis, Jillon S. Vander Wal

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 3/2010

Abstract

The cognitive flexibility inventory (CFI) was developed to be a brief self-report measure of the type of cognitive flexibility necessary for individuals to successfully challenge and replace maladaptive thoughts with more balanced and adaptive thinking. It was designed to measure three aspects of cognitive flexibility: (a) the tendency to perceive difficult situations as controllable; (b) the ability to perceive multiple alternative explanations for life occurrences and human behavior; and (c) the ability to generate multiple alternative solutions to difficult situations. The two studies presented in this manuscript describe the initial development of the CFI and a 7-week longitudinal study. Results from these studies indicate the CFI has a reliable two-factor structure, excellent internal consistency, and high 7-week test–retest reliability. Preliminary evidence was obtained for the CFI’s convergent construct validity via the CFI’s correlations with other measures of cognitive flexibility (Cognitive Flexibility Scale) and coping (Ways of Coping Checklist-Revised), respectively. Support was also demonstrated for the concurrent construct validity of the CFI via its correlation with the BDI-II. Further research is needed to investigate the reliability and validity of the CFI among clinical populations.

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The potential differences in the coping strategies utilized by cognitively flexible versus inflexible individuals on the CFI in response to life event stress were investigated in research conducted by the present authors (Dennis and Vander Wal 2009b). A manuscript summarizing this research is currently being prepared for publication.

The ASQ could not be utilized as a measure of cognitive flexibility/explanatory flexibility utilizing scoring guidelines by Fresco et al. (2007a, b), as the open-ended responses of participants on the ASQ, which are necessary for such scoring, had not been recorded.

For a more detailed description of the WCCL-R subscales, see Folkman and Lazarus (1985). The internal consistency reliability for the TR and KTS subscales was low, likely due to the fact that each subscale was composed of only three items. Despite this, these subscales were included in the present analyses to maximize the ability to detect preliminary evidence supporting distinct relationships between aspects of cognitive flexibility and particular coping styles.

The first correlation reported refers to the Time 1 correlation and the second correlation reported refers to the Time 2 correlation.

It is expected that increasing the number of items on a measure will increase the measure’s internal consistency. The Spearman-Brown Prophecy formula (Crocker and Algina 2006) was therefore used to predict the internal consistency of the CFS if it had the same number of items as the 20-item CFI, while retaining its current psychometric properties. Results indicated that the internal consistency of the CFS would increase from .79 to .86 at Time 1 and from .78 to .85 at Time 2 if it had 20 items like the CFI.

The relationship between cognitive flexibility and coping style is unclear at present. The present authors recently completed research investigating cognitive flexibility (as measured by the CFI) and coping styles as potential mediators and/or moderators of the relationship between life event stress and depressive symptomatology (Dennis and Vander Wal 2009b). A manuscript summarizing this research is currently being prepared for publication.

The present authors have recently completed research investigating this question (Dennis and Vander Wal 2009a). A manuscript summarizing this research is currently being prepared for publication.

Numbers in parentheses indicate the original CFI item number prior to the construction of the finalized 20-time CFI.

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Titel: The Cognitive Flexibility Inventory: Instrument Development and Estimates of Reliability and Validity
Auteurs: John P. Dennis
Jillon S. Vander Wal
Publicatiedatum: 01-06-2010
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 3/2010
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9276-4

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