Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research 2/2009

01-04-2009 | Original Article

Applying Lessons Learned from Obsessions: Metacognitive Processes in Smoking Cessation

Auteurs: Elizabeth Nosen, Sheila R. Woody

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 2/2009

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Cognitive theories of obsessions propose that unwanted thoughts become frequent, intense and persistent when people interpret them in personally meaningful ways and attempt to control them through thought suppression. The present study examined the generalizability of this model to another form of unwanted, actively resisted intrusion––nicotine cravings. In this investigation, 180 individuals attempting to quit smoking completed several online questionnaires. In line with cognitive theories, individuals who appraised their cravings as more catastrophic and personally significant experienced more severe craving-related thoughts and were more likely to be smoking one month later; these effects remained after accounting for several established predictors of cessation difficulty. Contrary to expectation, tendency to suppress unwanted thoughts was not a significant factor. Overall, findings complement existing work on the role of anxiety sensitivity in smoking behaviour and implicate personally meaningful appraisals of smoking-related thoughts, images and impulses in cessation difficulty.
Voetnoten
1
Incentive was increased to speed data collection and ensure adequate survey completion rates.
 
2
Indicative of possible repeat participation.
 
3
Not including 20 individuals with completion times over two hours.
 
4
Piloting suggested that several III items were confusing and unclear when applied to typical nicotine craving related thoughts (e.g., “this thought could harm people”). These items were removed from the scale.
 
5
Interpretation of logistic regression results is problematic when individual predictors are strongly correlated and expected to be related to the criterion in similar ways (Tabachnick and Fidell 2001).
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Abramowitz, J. S., Nelson, C. A., Rygwall, R., & Khandker, M. (2007). The cognitive mediation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A longitudinal study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(1), 91–104.PubMedCrossRef Abramowitz, J. S., Nelson, C. A., Rygwall, R., & Khandker, M. (2007). The cognitive mediation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A longitudinal study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(1), 91–104.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Abramowitz, J. S., Tolin, D. F., & Street, G. P. (2001). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression: A meta-analysis of controlled studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(5), 683–703.PubMedCrossRef Abramowitz, J. S., Tolin, D. F., & Street, G. P. (2001). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression: A meta-analysis of controlled studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(5), 683–703.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Abramowitz, J. S., Whiteside, S., Lynam, D., & Kalsy, S. (2003). Is thought-action fusion specific to obsessive-compulsive disorder? A mediating role of negative affect. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1063–1079. Abramowitz, J. S., Whiteside, S., Lynam, D., & Kalsy, S. (2003). Is thought-action fusion specific to obsessive-compulsive disorder? A mediating role of negative affect. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1063–1079.
go back to reference Abrams, D. B., Niaura, R., Brown, R. A., Emmons, K. M., Goldstein, M. G., & Monti, P. M. (2003). The tobacco dependence treatment handbook: A guide to best practices. New York: Guilford Press. Abrams, D. B., Niaura, R., Brown, R. A., Emmons, K. M., Goldstein, M. G., & Monti, P. M. (2003). The tobacco dependence treatment handbook: A guide to best practices. New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Anton, R. F., Moak, D. H., & Latham, P. (1995). The obsessive compulsive drinking scale: A self-rated instrument for the quantification of thoughts about alcohol and drinking behavior. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 19, 92–99.CrossRef Anton, R. F., Moak, D. H., & Latham, P. (1995). The obsessive compulsive drinking scale: A self-rated instrument for the quantification of thoughts about alcohol and drinking behavior. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 19, 92–99.CrossRef
go back to reference Belsley, D.A., Kuh, E., & Welsch, R.E. (1980). Regression diagnostics: Identifying influential data and sources of collinearity. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Belsley, D.A., Kuh, E., & Welsch, R.E. (1980). Regression diagnostics: Identifying influential data and sources of collinearity. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
go back to reference Borkovec, T. D., Wilkinson, L., Folensbee, R., & Lerman, C. (1983). Stimulus control applications to the treatment of worry. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21, 247–251.PubMedCrossRef Borkovec, T. D., Wilkinson, L., Folensbee, R., & Lerman, C. (1983). Stimulus control applications to the treatment of worry. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21, 247–251.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bouman, T. K., & Meijer, K. J. (1999). A preliminary study of worry and metacognitions in hypochondriasis. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 6, 96–101.CrossRef Bouman, T. K., & Meijer, K. J. (1999). A preliminary study of worry and metacognitions in hypochondriasis. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 6, 96–101.CrossRef
go back to reference Brown, R. A., Kahler, C. W., Zvolensky, M. J., Lejuez, C. W., & Ramsey, S. E. (2001). Anxiety sensitivity: Relationship to negative affect smoking and smoking cessation in smokers with past major depressive disorder. Addictive Behaviors, 26(6), 887–899.PubMedCrossRef Brown, R. A., Kahler, C. W., Zvolensky, M. J., Lejuez, C. W., & Ramsey, S. E. (2001). Anxiety sensitivity: Relationship to negative affect smoking and smoking cessation in smokers with past major depressive disorder. Addictive Behaviors, 26(6), 887–899.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Carpenter, J. S., Andrykowski, M. A., Wilson, J., Hall, L. A., Rayens, M. K., Sachs, B., et al. (1998). Psychometrics for two short forms of the center for epidemiologic studies–depression scale. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 19, 481–494.PubMedCrossRef Carpenter, J. S., Andrykowski, M. A., Wilson, J., Hall, L. A., Rayens, M. K., Sachs, B., et al. (1998). Psychometrics for two short forms of the center for epidemiologic studies–depression scale. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 19, 481–494.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Clark, D. A., & Purdon, C. (1993). New perspectives for a cognitive theory of obsessions. Australian Psychologist, 28, 161–167.CrossRef Clark, D. A., & Purdon, C. (1993). New perspectives for a cognitive theory of obsessions. Australian Psychologist, 28, 161–167.CrossRef
go back to reference Clark, D. A., Purdon, C., & Byers, E. S. (2000). Appraisal and control of sexual and non-sexual intrusive thoughts in university students. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 439–455.PubMedCrossRef Clark, D. A., Purdon, C., & Byers, E. S. (2000). Appraisal and control of sexual and non-sexual intrusive thoughts in university students. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 439–455.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Clark, D. A., Purdon, C., & Wang, A. (2003). The meta-cognitive beliefs questionnaire: Development of a measure of obsessional beliefs. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 655–669.PubMedCrossRef Clark, D. A., Purdon, C., & Wang, A. (2003). The meta-cognitive beliefs questionnaire: Development of a measure of obsessional beliefs. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 655–669.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Droungas, A., Ehrman, R. N., Childress, A. R., & O’Brien, C. P. (1995). Effect of smoking cues and cigarette availability on craving and smoking behavior. Addictive Behaviors, 20(5), 657–673.PubMedCrossRef Droungas, A., Ehrman, R. N., Childress, A. R., & O’Brien, C. P. (1995). Effect of smoking cues and cigarette availability on craving and smoking behavior. Addictive Behaviors, 20(5), 657–673.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ehlers, A., Mayou, R. A., & Bryant, B. (1998). Psychological predictors of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 508–519.PubMedCrossRef Ehlers, A., Mayou, R. A., & Bryant, B. (1998). Psychological predictors of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 508–519.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Etter, J. F., Bergman, M. M., Humair, J. P., & Perneger, T. V. (2000). Development and validation of a scale measuring self-efficacy of current and former smokers. Addiction, 95, 901–913.PubMedCrossRef Etter, J. F., Bergman, M. M., Humair, J. P., & Perneger, T. V. (2000). Development and validation of a scale measuring self-efficacy of current and former smokers. Addiction, 95, 901–913.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fehm, L., & Margraf, J. (2002). Thought suppression: Specificity in agoraphobia versus broad impairment in social phobia? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(1), 57–66.PubMedCrossRef Fehm, L., & Margraf, J. (2002). Thought suppression: Specificity in agoraphobia versus broad impairment in social phobia? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(1), 57–66.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Field, M., & Duka, T. (2001). Smoking expectancy mediates the conditioned responses to arbitrary smoking cues. Behavioural Pharmacology, 12(3), 183–194.PubMed Field, M., & Duka, T. (2001). Smoking expectancy mediates the conditioned responses to arbitrary smoking cues. Behavioural Pharmacology, 12(3), 183–194.PubMed
go back to reference Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Mazure, C., Fleishmann, R. L., Hill, C. L., et al. (1989). The Yale-brown obsessive compulsive scale: I. development, use, and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46(11), 1006–1011.PubMed Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Mazure, C., Fleishmann, R. L., Hill, C. L., et al. (1989). The Yale-brown obsessive compulsive scale: I. development, use, and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46(11), 1006–1011.PubMed
go back to reference Gwaltney, C. J., Shiffman, S., Balabanis, M. H., & Paty, J. A. (2005). Dynamic self-efficacy and outcome expectancies: Prediction of smoking lapse and relapse. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(4), 661–675.PubMedCrossRef Gwaltney, C. J., Shiffman, S., Balabanis, M. H., & Paty, J. A. (2005). Dynamic self-efficacy and outcome expectancies: Prediction of smoking lapse and relapse. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(4), 661–675.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Haaga, D. A., & Allison, M. L. (1994). Thought suppression and smoking relapse: A secondary analysis of Haaga (1989). British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33, 327–331.PubMed Haaga, D. A., & Allison, M. L. (1994). Thought suppression and smoking relapse: A secondary analysis of Haaga (1989). British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33, 327–331.PubMed
go back to reference Harvey, A. G. (2001). I can’t sleep, my mind is racing! An investigation of strategies of thought control in insomnia. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29, 3–11.CrossRef Harvey, A. G. (2001). I can’t sleep, my mind is racing! An investigation of strategies of thought control in insomnia. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29, 3–11.CrossRef
go back to reference Hazlett-Stevens, H., Zucker, B. G., & Craske, M. G. (2002). The relationship of thought-action fusion to pathological worry and generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(10), 1199–1204.PubMedCrossRef Hazlett-Stevens, H., Zucker, B. G., & Craske, M. G. (2002). The relationship of thought-action fusion to pathological worry and generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(10), 1199–1204.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., & Fagerström, K.-O. (1991). The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence: A revision of the Fagerström tolerance questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction, 86, 1119–1127.PubMedCrossRef Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., & Fagerström, K.-O. (1991). The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence: A revision of the Fagerström tolerance questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction, 86, 1119–1127.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Höping, W., & de Jong-Meyer, R. (2003). Differentiating unwanted intrusive thoughts from thought suppression: What does the White Bear suppression inventory measure? Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1049–1055.CrossRef Höping, W., & de Jong-Meyer, R. (2003). Differentiating unwanted intrusive thoughts from thought suppression: What does the White Bear suppression inventory measure? Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1049–1055.CrossRef
go back to reference Killen, J. D., Fortmann, S. P., Kraemer, H. C., Varady, A., & Newman, B. (1992). Who will relapse? Symptoms of nicotine dependence predict long-term relapse after smoking cessation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(5), 797–801.PubMedCrossRef Killen, J. D., Fortmann, S. P., Kraemer, H. C., Varady, A., & Newman, B. (1992). Who will relapse? Symptoms of nicotine dependence predict long-term relapse after smoking cessation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(5), 797–801.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kohout, F. J., Berkman, L. F., Evans, D. A., & Cornoni-Huntley, J. (1993). Two shorter forms of the CES-D depression symptoms index. Journal of Aging and Health, 5, 179–193.PubMedCrossRef Kohout, F. J., Berkman, L. F., Evans, D. A., & Cornoni-Huntley, J. (1993). Two shorter forms of the CES-D depression symptoms index. Journal of Aging and Health, 5, 179–193.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Luciano, J. V., Belloch, A., Algarabel, S., Tomás, J. M., Morillo, C., & Lucero, M. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis of the white bear suppression inventory and the thought control questionnaire: A comparison of alternative models. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22(4), 250–258.CrossRef Luciano, J. V., Belloch, A., Algarabel, S., Tomás, J. M., Morillo, C., & Lucero, M. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis of the white bear suppression inventory and the thought control questionnaire: A comparison of alternative models. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22(4), 250–258.CrossRef
go back to reference Morgan, T. J., Morgenstern, J., Blanchard, K. A., Labouvie, E., & Bux, D. A. (2004). Development of the OCDS-Revised: A measure of alcohol and drug urges with outpatient substance abuse clients. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18, 316–321.PubMedCrossRef Morgan, T. J., Morgenstern, J., Blanchard, K. A., Labouvie, E., & Bux, D. A. (2004). Development of the OCDS-Revised: A measure of alcohol and drug urges with outpatient substance abuse clients. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18, 316–321.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Morrison, A. P. (2001). The interpretation of intrusions in psychosis: An integrative cognitive approach to hallucinations and delusions. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29(3), 257–276. Morrison, A. P. (2001). The interpretation of intrusions in psychosis: An integrative cognitive approach to hallucinations and delusions. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29(3), 257–276.
go back to reference Muris, P., Meesters, C., Rassin, E., Merckelbach, H., & Campbell, J. (2001). Thought-action fusion and anxiety disorders symptoms in normal adolescents. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 843–852.PubMedCrossRef Muris, P., Meesters, C., Rassin, E., Merckelbach, H., & Campbell, J. (2001). Thought-action fusion and anxiety disorders symptoms in normal adolescents. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 843–852.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (OCCWG) (1997). Cognitive assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 667–681.CrossRef Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (OCCWG) (1997). Cognitive assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 667–681.CrossRef
go back to reference Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (OCCWG) (2001). Development and initial validation of the obsessive beliefs questionnaire and the interpretation of intrusions inventory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 987–1006.CrossRef Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (OCCWG) (2001). Development and initial validation of the obsessive beliefs questionnaire and the interpretation of intrusions inventory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 987–1006.CrossRef
go back to reference Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (OCCWG) (2003). Psychometric validation of the obsessive beliefs questionnaire and the interpretation of intrusions inventory: Part I. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 863–878.CrossRef Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (OCCWG) (2003). Psychometric validation of the obsessive beliefs questionnaire and the interpretation of intrusions inventory: Part I. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 863–878.CrossRef
go back to reference Palfai, T. P., Colby, S. M., Monti, P. M., & Rohsenow, D. J. (1997). Effects of suppressing the urge to drink on smoking topography: A preliminary study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 11(2), 115–123.CrossRef Palfai, T. P., Colby, S. M., Monti, P. M., & Rohsenow, D. J. (1997). Effects of suppressing the urge to drink on smoking topography: A preliminary study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 11(2), 115–123.CrossRef
go back to reference Patrick, D. L., Cheadle, A., Thompson, D. C., Diehr, P., Koepsell, T., & Kinne, S. (1994). The validity of self-reported smoking: A review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 1086–1093.PubMedCrossRef Patrick, D. L., Cheadle, A., Thompson, D. C., Diehr, P., Koepsell, T., & Kinne, S. (1994). The validity of self-reported smoking: A review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 1086–1093.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pomerleau, C. S., Carton, S. M., Lutzke, M. L., Flessland, K. A., & Pomerleau, O. F. (1994). Reliability of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire and the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence. Addictive Behaviors, 19, 33–39.PubMedCrossRef Pomerleau, C. S., Carton, S. M., Lutzke, M. L., Flessland, K. A., & Pomerleau, O. F. (1994). Reliability of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire and the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence. Addictive Behaviors, 19, 33–39.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Purdon, C. (1999). Thought suppression and psychopathology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 1029–1054.PubMedCrossRef Purdon, C. (1999). Thought suppression and psychopathology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 1029–1054.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Purdon, C. (2001). Appraisal of obsessional thought recurrences: Impact on anxiety and mood state. Behavior Therapy, 32, 47–64.CrossRef Purdon, C. (2001). Appraisal of obsessional thought recurrences: Impact on anxiety and mood state. Behavior Therapy, 32, 47–64.CrossRef
go back to reference Purdon, C., & Clark, D. A. (1994a). Obsessive intrusive thoughts in nonclinical subjects: II. Cognitive appraisal, emotional response and thought control strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 403–410.PubMedCrossRef Purdon, C., & Clark, D. A. (1994a). Obsessive intrusive thoughts in nonclinical subjects: II. Cognitive appraisal, emotional response and thought control strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 403–410.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Purdon, C., & Clark, D. A. (1994b). Perceived control and appraisal of obsessional intrusive thoughts: A replication and extension. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 22, 269–285.CrossRef Purdon, C., & Clark, D. A. (1994b). Perceived control and appraisal of obsessional intrusive thoughts: A replication and extension. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 22, 269–285.CrossRef
go back to reference Purdon, C., & Clark, D. A. (1999). Metacognition and obsessions. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 6, 102–110.CrossRef Purdon, C., & Clark, D. A. (1999). Metacognition and obsessions. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 6, 102–110.CrossRef
go back to reference Purdon, C., & Clark, D. A. (2001). Suppression of obsession-like thoughts in nonclinical individuals: Impact on thought frequency, appraisal and mood state. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 1163–1181.PubMedCrossRef Purdon, C., & Clark, D. A. (2001). Suppression of obsession-like thoughts in nonclinical individuals: Impact on thought frequency, appraisal and mood state. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 1163–1181.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Purdon, C., Rowa, K., & Antony, M. M. (2005). Thought suppression and its effects on thought frequency, appraisal and mood state in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 43, 93–108.CrossRef Purdon, C., Rowa, K., & Antony, M. M. (2005). Thought suppression and its effects on thought frequency, appraisal and mood state in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 43, 93–108.CrossRef
go back to reference Rachman, S. (1997). A cognitive theory of obsessions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 793–802.PubMedCrossRef Rachman, S. (1997). A cognitive theory of obsessions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 793–802.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rachman, S. (1998). A cognitive theory of obsessions: Elaborations. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 385–401.PubMedCrossRef Rachman, S. (1998). A cognitive theory of obsessions: Elaborations. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 385–401.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rachman, S. (2001). Personal significance scale: Unpublished measure. Rachman, S. (2001). Personal significance scale: Unpublished measure.
go back to reference Rachman, S. (2003). The treatment of obsessions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rachman, S. (2003). The treatment of obsessions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Rassin, E. (2003). The White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI) focuses on failing suppression attempts. European Journal of Personality, 17(4), 285–298.CrossRef Rassin, E. (2003). The White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI) focuses on failing suppression attempts. European Journal of Personality, 17(4), 285–298.CrossRef
go back to reference Rassin, E., Merckelbach, H., Muris, P., & Schmidt, H. (2001). The thought-action fusion scale: Further evidence for its reliability and validity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39(5), 537–544.PubMedCrossRef Rassin, E., Merckelbach, H., Muris, P., & Schmidt, H. (2001). The thought-action fusion scale: Further evidence for its reliability and validity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39(5), 537–544.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rassin, E., Muris, P., Schmidt, H., & Merckelbach, H. (2000). Relationships between thought-action fusion, thought suppression and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A structural equation modeling approach. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 889–897.PubMedCrossRef Rassin, E., Muris, P., Schmidt, H., & Merckelbach, H. (2000). Relationships between thought-action fusion, thought suppression and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A structural equation modeling approach. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 889–897.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Reynolds, M., Valmana, A., Kouimtsidis, C., Donaldson, C., & Ghodse, H. (2005). An investigation of descriptive and experimental aspects of intrusive thoughts in a sample of substance-dependent inpatients. Addiction Research and Theory, 13, 347–357.CrossRef Reynolds, M., Valmana, A., Kouimtsidis, C., Donaldson, C., & Ghodse, H. (2005). An investigation of descriptive and experimental aspects of intrusive thoughts in a sample of substance-dependent inpatients. Addiction Research and Theory, 13, 347–357.CrossRef
go back to reference Roemer, L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1994). Effects of suppressing thoughts about emotional material. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 467–474.PubMedCrossRef Roemer, L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1994). Effects of suppressing thoughts about emotional material. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 467–474.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rohsenow, D. J., Abrams, D. B., Monti, P. M., Colby, S. M., Martin, R., & Niaura, R. S. (2003). The smoking effects questionnaire for adult populations: Development and psychometric properties. Addictive Behaviors, 28, 1257–1270.PubMedCrossRef Rohsenow, D. J., Abrams, D. B., Monti, P. M., Colby, S. M., Martin, R., & Niaura, R. S. (2003). The smoking effects questionnaire for adult populations: Development and psychometric properties. Addictive Behaviors, 28, 1257–1270.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Salkovskis, P. M. (1985). Obsessional-compulsive problems: A cognitive-behavioural analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 571–583.PubMedCrossRef Salkovskis, P. M. (1985). Obsessional-compulsive problems: A cognitive-behavioural analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 571–583.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Salkovskis, P. M., & Reynolds, M. (1994). Thought suppression and smoking cessation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 193–201.PubMedCrossRef Salkovskis, P. M., & Reynolds, M. (1994). Thought suppression and smoking cessation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 193–201.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Shadel, W. G., Niaura, R., Brown, R. A., Hutchison, K. E., & Abrams, D. B. (2001). A content analysis of smoking craving. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(1), 145–150.PubMedCrossRef Shadel, W. G., Niaura, R., Brown, R. A., Hutchison, K. E., & Abrams, D. B. (2001). A content analysis of smoking craving. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(1), 145–150.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Shafran, R., Teachman, B. A., Kerry, S., & Rachman, S. (1999). A cognitive distortion associated with eating disorders: Thought-shape fusion. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38(2), 167–179.PubMedCrossRef Shafran, R., Teachman, B. A., Kerry, S., & Rachman, S. (1999). A cognitive distortion associated with eating disorders: Thought-shape fusion. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38(2), 167–179.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Shafran, R., Thordarson, D. S., & Rachman, S. (1996). Thought-action fusion in obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 10(5), 379–391.CrossRef Shafran, R., Thordarson, D. S., & Rachman, S. (1996). Thought-action fusion in obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 10(5), 379–391.CrossRef
go back to reference Shiffman, S. (1984). Cognitive antecedents and sequelae of smoking relapse crises. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 14, 296–309.CrossRef Shiffman, S. (1984). Cognitive antecedents and sequelae of smoking relapse crises. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 14, 296–309.CrossRef
go back to reference Shiffman, S., Engberg, J. B., Paty, J. A., Perz, W. G., Gnys, M., Kassel, J. D., et al. (1997a). A day at a time: Predicting smoking lapse from daily urge. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 104–116.PubMedCrossRef Shiffman, S., Engberg, J. B., Paty, J. A., Perz, W. G., Gnys, M., Kassel, J. D., et al. (1997a). A day at a time: Predicting smoking lapse from daily urge. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 104–116.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Shiffman, S., Gnys, M., Richards, T. J., Paty, J. A., Hickcox, M., & Kassel, J. D. (1996). Temptations to smoke after quitting: A comparison of lapsers and maintainers. Health Psychology, 15(6), 455–461. Shiffman, S., Gnys, M., Richards, T. J., Paty, J. A., Hickcox, M., & Kassel, J. D. (1996). Temptations to smoke after quitting: A comparison of lapsers and maintainers. Health Psychology, 15(6), 455–461.
go back to reference Shiffman, S., Hickcox, M., Paty, J. A., Gnys, M., Richards, T., & Kassel, J. D. (1997b). Individual differences in the context of smoking lapse episodes. Addictive Behaviors, 22, 797–811.PubMedCrossRef Shiffman, S., Hickcox, M., Paty, J. A., Gnys, M., Richards, T., & Kassel, J. D. (1997b). Individual differences in the context of smoking lapse episodes. Addictive Behaviors, 22, 797–811.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Smári, J., & Hólmsteinsson, H. E. (2001). Intrusive thoughts, responsibility attitudes, thought-action fusion, and chronic thought suppression in relation to obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29, 13–20.CrossRef Smári, J., & Hólmsteinsson, H. E. (2001). Intrusive thoughts, responsibility attitudes, thought-action fusion, and chronic thought suppression in relation to obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29, 13–20.CrossRef
go back to reference Starr, S., & Moulds, M. L. (2006). The role of negative interpretations of intrusive memories in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 93(1), 125–132.PubMedCrossRef Starr, S., & Moulds, M. L. (2006). The role of negative interpretations of intrusive memories in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 93(1), 125–132.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Steil, R., & Ehlers, A. (2000). Dysfunctional meaning of posttraumatic intrusions in chronic PTSD. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(6), 537–558.PubMedCrossRef Steil, R., & Ehlers, A. (2000). Dysfunctional meaning of posttraumatic intrusions in chronic PTSD. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(6), 537–558.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Toronto, ON: Allyn and Bacon. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Toronto, ON: Allyn and Bacon.
go back to reference Teachman, B. A., Woody, S. R., & Magee, J. C. (2006). Implicit and explicit appraisals of the importance of intrusive thoughts. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 785–805.PubMedCrossRef Teachman, B. A., Woody, S. R., & Magee, J. C. (2006). Implicit and explicit appraisals of the importance of intrusive thoughts. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 785–805.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Toll, B. A., Sobell, M. B., Wagner, E. F., & Sobell, L. C. (2001). The relationship between thought suppression and smoking cessation. Addictive Behaviors, 26, 509–515.PubMedCrossRef Toll, B. A., Sobell, M. B., Wagner, E. F., & Sobell, L. C. (2001). The relationship between thought suppression and smoking cessation. Addictive Behaviors, 26, 509–515.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wegner, D. M., & Zanakos, S. (1994). Chronic thought suppression. Journal of Personality, 62, 615–640.CrossRef Wegner, D. M., & Zanakos, S. (1994). Chronic thought suppression. Journal of Personality, 62, 615–640.CrossRef
go back to reference Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J., Carter, S. R., & White, T. L. (1987). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(1), 5–13.PubMedCrossRef Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J., Carter, S. R., & White, T. L. (1987). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(1), 5–13.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wenzlaff, R. M., & Luxton, D. D. (2003). The role of thought suppression in depressive rumination. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 293–308.CrossRef Wenzlaff, R. M., & Luxton, D. D. (2003). The role of thought suppression in depressive rumination. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 293–308.CrossRef
go back to reference Willner, P., & Jones, C. (1996). Effects of mood manipulation on subjective and behavioural measures of cigarette craving. Behavioural Pharmacology, 7(4), 355–363.PubMedCrossRef Willner, P., & Jones, C. (1996). Effects of mood manipulation on subjective and behavioural measures of cigarette craving. Behavioural Pharmacology, 7(4), 355–363.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Woods, C. M., Tolin, D. F., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2004). Dimensionality of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(2), 113–125. Woods, C. M., Tolin, D. F., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2004). Dimensionality of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(2), 113–125.
go back to reference Zvolensky, M. J., Bernstein, A., Cardenas, S. J., Colotla, V. A., Marshall, E. C., & Feldner, M. T. (2007). Anxiety sensitivity and early relapse to smoking: A test among Mexican daily, low-level smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 9(4), 483–491.CrossRef Zvolensky, M. J., Bernstein, A., Cardenas, S. J., Colotla, V. A., Marshall, E. C., & Feldner, M. T. (2007). Anxiety sensitivity and early relapse to smoking: A test among Mexican daily, low-level smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 9(4), 483–491.CrossRef
go back to reference Zvolensky, M.J., Bonn-Miller, M.O., Bernstein, A., & Marshall, E. C. (2006). Anxiety sensitivity and abstinence duration to smoking. Journal of Mental Health, 15, 659–670.CrossRef Zvolensky, M.J., Bonn-Miller, M.O., Bernstein, A., & Marshall, E. C. (2006). Anxiety sensitivity and abstinence duration to smoking. Journal of Mental Health, 15, 659–670.CrossRef
go back to reference Zvolensky, M. J., Bonn-Miller, M. O., Feldner, M. T., Leen-Feldner, E., McLeish, A. C., & Gregor, K. (2006). Anxiety sensitivity: Concurrent associations with negative affect smoking motives and abstinence self-confidence among young adult smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 31(3), 429–439.PubMedCrossRef Zvolensky, M. J., Bonn-Miller, M. O., Feldner, M. T., Leen-Feldner, E., McLeish, A. C., & Gregor, K. (2006). Anxiety sensitivity: Concurrent associations with negative affect smoking motives and abstinence self-confidence among young adult smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 31(3), 429–439.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Applying Lessons Learned from Obsessions: Metacognitive Processes in Smoking Cessation
Auteurs
Elizabeth Nosen
Sheila R. Woody
Publicatiedatum
01-04-2009
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 2/2009
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9180-8

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2009

Cognitive Therapy and Research 2/2009 Naar de uitgave