Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-10-2006 | Original Article

Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression and Axis II Personality Dysfunction

Auteurs: Jeannette M. Smith, Louisa D. Grandin, Lauren B. Alloy, Lyn Y. Abramson

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 5/2006

Abstract

The study of common vulnerabilities to depression and personality disturbance is important given that depression and Axis II personality disorders exhibit high rates of comorbidity and comorbid personality dysfunction is associated with longer duration of depressive episodes, increased risk of relapse, and poorer outcome. Further, it has been demonstrated that a relationship exists between cognitive vulnerabilities to depression, such as negative cognitive style and dysfunctional attitudes, and personality dysfunction. This study sought to further explore the relationship between cognitive vulnerability to depression and Axis II pathology by examining links between personality dysfunction, cognitive risk status, and rumination in a sample with no current Axis I disorders, while controlling for current and past depression. At high vs. low cognitive risk for depression, 349 undergraduates completed diagnostic interviews and self-report questionnaires during Phase I, Phase II, and Time 1 of the Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression (CVD) project. As expected, cognitive risk and rumination were related to overall Axis II pathology. Cognitive risk status was also significantly related to several personality disorder dimensions, including paranoid, schizotypal, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive. Rumination was uniquely related to the borderline and obsessive-compulsive dimensions. Our findings confirm and expand upon the relationship between cognitive vulnerabilities to depression and personality dysfunction.

vorige artikel The Effect of Mental Health Problems on Children’s Ability to Discriminate Amongst Thoughts, Feelings and Behaviours

volgende artikel Fear of Blushing: The Role of the Expected Influence of Displaying a Blush on Others’ Judgements

We thank Reviewer 1 who raised this conceptual issue.

The degrees of freedom varied across analyses due to missing data. The total sample size is 349 for analyses not including the RSQ, and thus, without any missing data our degrees of freedom for t-tests would be 348. For analyses including the RSQ, our degrees of freedom for t-tests without any missing data would be 169. Analyses that use data from several questionnaires had smaller degrees of freedom because participants were excluded if they had data from anyone questionnaire missing. For example, in examining the relationship of rumination and personality while controlling for cognitive risk, our degrees of freedom were reduced to 118, as participants were excluded from the analysis if they were missing data from the RSQ, PDE, DAS, or CSQ.

Abela, J. R., Payne, A. V., & Moussaly, N. (2003). Cognitive vulnerability to depression in individuals with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17, 319–329.CrossRefPubMed

Abramson , L. Y., Alloy, L. B., Hankin, B. L., Haefffel, G. J., MacCoon, D. G., & Gibb, B. E. (2002). Cognitive vulnerability-stress models of depression in a self-regulatory and psychobiological context. In I. H. Gotlib & C. L. Hammen (Eds.), Handbook of Depression (pp. 268–294). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358–372.CrossRef

Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (1999). The temple-Wisconsin Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression (CVD) project: Conceptual background, design, and methods. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 13, 227–262.

Alloy, L. Y., Abramson, L. Y., Hogan, M. E., Whitehouse, W. G., Rose, D. T., Robinson, M. S., Kim, R. S., & Lapkin, J. B. (2000). The temple-Wisconsin cognitive vulnerability to depression project: Lifetime history of Axis I psychopathology in individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 403–418.CrossRefPubMed

Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Tashman, N. A., Berrebbi, D. S., Hogan, M. E., Whitehouse, W. G., Crossfield, A. G., & Moroco, A. (2001). Developmental origins of cognitive vulnerability to depression: Parenting, cognitive, and inferential feedback styles of the parents of individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 397–423.CrossRef

Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Whitehouse, W. G., Hogan, M. E., Tashman, N. A., Steinberg, D. L, Rose, D. T., & Donovan, P. (1999). Depressogenic cognitive styles: Predictive validity, information processing and personality characteristics, and developmental origins. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 37, 503–531.CrossRef

Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Whitehouse, W. G., Hogan, M. E., Panzarella, C., & Rose, D. T. (2006). Prospective incidence of first onsets and recurrences of depression in individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 145–156CrossRefPubMed

Amenson, C. S., & Lewisohn, P. M. (1981). An investigation into the observed sex difference in prevalence of unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 1–13.CrossRefPubMed

American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed. rev.). Washington, D.C.: Author.

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed. Text Rev.). Washington, D.C.: Author.

Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. New York: Harper & Row.

Beck, A. T., & Freeman, A., Associates (1990). Cognitive therapy of personality disorders. New York: Guilford Press.

Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Garbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the beck depression inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77–100.CrossRef

Bumberry, W., Oliver, J. M., & McClure, J. N. (1978). Validation of the beck depression inventory in a university population using psychiatric estimates as the criterion. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 150–155.CrossRef

DiNardo, P. A., Barlow, D. H., Cerny, J., Vermilyea, B. B., Vermilyea, J. A., Himadi, W., & Waddell, M. (1985). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Revised (ADIS-R). Albany, NY: Phobia and Anxiety Disorders Clinical, State University of New York at Albany.

Endicott, J., & Spitzer, R. L. (1978). A diagnostic interview: The schedule of affective disorders and schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 837–844.PubMed

Farmer, R., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (1990). Personality disorders and depression: Hypothetical relations, empirical findings, and metholdological considerations. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 453–476.CrossRef

Gibb, B. E., Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Rose, D. T., Whitehouse, W. G., Donovan, P., Hogan, M. E., Cronholm, J., & Tierney, S. (2001). History of childhood maltreatment, negative cognitive styles, and episodes of depression in adulthood. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 425–446.CrossRef

Gibbon, M., McDonald-Scott, P., & Endicott, J. (1981). Mastering the art of research interviewing: A model training procedure for diagnostic evaluation. New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute.

Grapentine, W. L., Picariello, C. M., Nurcombe, G., Seirfer, R., & Scioli, A. (1990). Validating the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder in adolescence. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chicago, October.

Groth-Marnat, G. (1990). The handbook of psychological assessment (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Hammen, C. (1980). Depression in college students: Beyond the beck depression inventory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 126–128.CrossRefPubMed

Hill, C. V., Oei, T. P. S., & Hill, M. A. (1989). An empirical investigation of the specificity and sensitivity of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire and the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 11, 291–311.CrossRef

Ilardi, S. S., & Craighead, W. E. (1999). The relationship between personality pathology and dysfunctional cognitions in previously depressed adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108(1), 51–57.CrossRefPubMed

Ilardi, S. S., Craighead, W. E., & Evans, D. D. (1997). Modeling relapse in unipolar depression: The effects of dysfunctional cognitions and personality disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(3), 381–391.CrossRefPubMed

Just, N., & Alloy, L. B. (1997). The response styles theory of depression: Tests and an extension of the theory. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 221–229.CrossRefPubMed

Lenzenweger, M. F. (1999). Stability and change in personality disorder features: The longitudinal study of personality disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 1009–1015CrossRefPubMed

Loranger, A. W. (1988). The Personality Disorder Examination (PDE) manual. Yonkers, NY: DV Communications.

Loranger, A. W., Lenzenweger, M. F., Gartner, A. F., Susman, V. L., Herzig, J., Zammit, G. K., Gartner, J. D., Abrams, R. C., & Young, R. C. (1991). Trait-state artifacts and the diagnosis of personality disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 720–728.PubMed

Loranger, A. W., Susman, V. L., Oldham, J. M., & Russakoff, L. M. (1987). The personality disorder examination: A preliminary report. Journal of Personality Disorders, 1, 1–13.

Marton, P., Korenblum, M., Kutcher, S., Stein, B., Kennedy, B., & Pakes, J. (1989). Personality dysfunction in depressed adolescents. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 810–813.

Millon, T. (1997). The Millon inventories: Clinical and personality assessment. New York: Guilford Press

Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 569–582.CrossRefPubMed

Nolen-Hoeksema (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 504–511.CrossRefPubMed

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Morrow, J., & Fredrickson, B. L. (1993). The effects of response styles on the duration of depressed mood: A pilot study. Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University, Standford, CA.

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1991). A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(1), 115–121.CrossRefPubMed

Nolen-Hoekseam, S., Parker, L. E., & Larson, J. (1994). Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 92–104.CrossRef

O’Leary, K. M., Cowdry, R. W., Gardner, D. L., Leibenluft, E., Lucas, P. B., & de-Jong-Meyer, R. (1991). Dysfunctional attitudes in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 5(3), 233–242.

Robinson, M. S., & Alloy, L. B. (2003). Negative cognitive styles and stress-reactive rumination interact to predict depression: A prospective study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 275–292.CrossRef

Rose, D. T., Abramson, L. Y., Hodulik, C. J., Halberstadt, L., & Leff, G. (1994). Heterogeneity of cognitive style among depressed inpatients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 419–429.CrossRefPubMed

Rothschild, L., & Zimmerman, M. (2002). Personality disorders and the duration of depressive episode: A retrospective study. Journal of Personality Disorders, 16(4), 293–303.CrossRefPubMed

Seligman, M. E. P., Abramson, L. Y., Semmel, A., & von Baeyer, C. (1979). Depressive attributional style. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88, 242–247.CrossRefPubMed

Spasojevic, J., & Alloy, L. B. (2001). Rumination as a common mechanism relating risk factors to depression. Emotion, 1, 25–37.CrossRefPubMed

Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J., & Robins, E. (1978). Research diagnostic criteria: Rationale and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 773–782.PubMed

Viinamaki, H., Kintikka, J., Honkalampi, K., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H., Kuisma, S., Antikainen, R., Tanskanen, A., & Lehtonen, J. (2002). Cluster C personality disorder impedes alleviation of symptoms in major depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 71, 35–41.CrossRefPubMed

Weissman, A., & Beck, A. T. (1978). Development and validation of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale: A preliminary investigation. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Toronto, Canada.

Titel: Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression and Axis II Personality Dysfunction
Auteurs: Jeannette M. Smith
Louisa D. Grandin
Lauren B. Alloy
Lyn Y. Abramson
Publicatiedatum: 01-10-2006
Uitgeverij: Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 5/2006
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-006-9038-5

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2006

Fear of Blushing: The Role of the Expected Influence of Displaying a Blush on Others’ Judgements

Insight as a Predictor of Treatment Outcome in Behavioral Group Treatment for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Attention to Threat in Anxiety-prone Individuals: Mechanisms Underlying Attentional Bias

Worry, Optimism, and Expectations as Predictors of Anxiety and Performance in the First Year of Law School

A Cross-cultural Test of the Cognitive Theory of Obsessions and Compulsions: A Comparison of Greek, Italian, and American Individuals—a Preliminary Study

The Effect of Mental Health Problems on Children’s Ability to Discriminate Amongst Thoughts, Feelings and Behaviours