Abstract
This study examines the potential for posttraumatic growth (PTG) for siblings of persons diagnosed with a mental disorder. Using the posttraumatic growth Inventory we compared siblings (N = 33) with a comparison group of participants who did not experience trauma (N = 30). Our group of participants who had a sibling diagnosed with a mental disorder by a mental health professional (N = 33) reported higher PTG scores with mostly large effect sizes on most of the inventory subscales. Participants who took an active role in care giving experienced less PTG than participants who did not. Having a sibling diagnosed with a mental disorder presents an opportunity to experience PTG. Implications for the therapeutic milieus are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, K. M., Danis, F. S., & Havig, K. (2011). Adult daughters of battered women: Recovery and posttraumatic growth following childhood adversity. Families in Society, 92(2), 154–160.
Armeli, S., Gunthert, K. C., & Cohen, L. H. (2001). Stressor appraisals, coping, and post-event outcomes: The dimensionality and antecedents of stress-related growth. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 20(3), 366–395. doi:10.1521/jscp.20.3.366.22304.
Bannink, F. P. (2008). Posttraumatic success: Solution-focused brief therapy. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 8(3), 215–225. doi:10.1093/brief-treatment/mhn013.
Barak, D., & Solomon, Z. (2005). In the shadow of schizophrenia: A study of siblings’ perceptions. Israeli Journal of Psychiatry, 42, 234–241.
Barnable, A., Gaudine, A., Bennett, L., & Meadus, R. (2006). Having a sibling with schizophrenia: A phenomenological study. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice: An International Journal, 20(3), 247–264. doi:10.1891/rtnp.20.3.247.
Baronet, A.-M. (1999). Factors associated with caregiver burden in mental illness: A critical review of the research literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 19(7), 819–841. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(98)00076-2.
Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (1999). Facilitating posttraumatic growth: A clinician’s guide. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Chen, F. P., & Greenberg, J. S. (2004). A positive aspect of caregiving: The influence of social support on caregiving gains for family members of relatives with schizophrenia. Community Mental Health Journal, 40(5), 423–435. doi:10.1023/B:COMH.0000040656.89143.82.
Cieslak, R., Benight, C., Schmidt, N., Luszczynska, A., Curtin, E., Clark, R. A., et al. (2009). Predicting posttraumatic growth among Hurricane Katrina survivors living with HIV: The role of self-efficacy, social support, and PTSD symptoms. Anxiety, Stress & Coping: An International Journal, 22(4), 449–463. doi:10.1080/10615800802403815.
Collins, R. L., Taylor, S. E., & Skokan, L. A. (1990). A better world or a shattered vision? Changes in life perspectives following victimization. Social Cognition, 8(3), 263–285.
Davis, C. G., Wohl, M. J. A., & Verberg, N. (2007). Profiles of posttraumatic growth following an unjust loss. Death Studies, 31(8), 693–712. doi:10.1080/07481180701490578.
Friedrich, R. M., Lively, S., & Rubenstein, L. M. (2008). Siblings’ coping strategies and mental health services: A national study of siblings of persons with schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 59(3), 261–267. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.59.3.261.
Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York: Free Press.
Jones, D. W. (2004). Families and serious mental illness: Working with loss and ambivalence. British Journal of Social Work, 34(7), 961–979. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bch123.
Kinsella, K. B., Anderson, R. A., & Anderson, W. T. (1996). Coping skills, strengths, and needs as perceived by adult offspring and siblings of people with mental illness: A retrospective study. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 20(2), 24–32.
Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2004). Positive change following trauma and adversity: A review. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(1), 11–21. doi:10.1023/B:JOTS.0000014671.27856.7e.
Loiselle, K. A., Devine, K. A., Reed-Knight, B., & Blount, R. L. (2011). Posttraumatic growth associated with a relative’s serious illness. Families, Systems & Health, 29(1), 64–72. doi:10.1037/a0023043.
Lukens, E. P., Thorning, H., & Lohrer, S. P. (2002). How siblings of those with severe mentalillness perceive services and support. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 8(6), 354–364. doi:10.1097/00131746-200211000-00005.
Marsh, D. T., & Johnson, D. L. (1997). The family experience of mental illness: Implications for intervention. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 28(3), 229–237. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.28.3.229.
Marsh, D. T., Lefley, H. P., Evans-Rhodes, D., Ansell, V. I., & Doerzbacher, B. M. (1996). The family experience of mental illness: Evidence for resilience. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 20(2), 3–12.
Pickett-Schenk, S. A., Bennett, C., Cook, J. A., Steigman, P., Lippincott, R., Villagracia, I., et al. (2006). Changes in caregiving satisfaction and information needs among relatives of adults with mental illness: Results of a randomized evaluation of a family-led education intervention. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(4), 545–553. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.545.
Safer, J. (2003). The normal one. Life with a difficult or damaged sibling. New York: Bantam Dell.
Smith, M. J., Greenberg, J. S., & Mailick-Seltzer, M. (2007). Siblings of adults with schizophrenia: Expectations about future caregiving roles. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77(1), 29–37. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.77.1.29.
Stalberg, G., Ekerwald, H., & Hultman, C. M. (2004). At Issue: Siblings of patients with schizophrenia: Sibling bond, coping patterns, and fear of possible schizophrenia heredity. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(2), 445–458.
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1995). Trauma & transformation: Growing in the aftermath of suffering. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(3), 455–472. doi:10.1002/jts.2490090305.
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Target article: “Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence”. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1–18. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01.
Thornton, A. A., & Perez, M. A. (2006). Posttraumatic growth in prostate cancer survivors and their partners. Psycho-Oncology, 15(4), 285–296. doi:10.1002/pon.953.
Weiss, T. (2004). Correlates of posttraumatic growth in husbands of breast cancer survivors. Psycho-Oncology, 13(4), 260–268. doi:10.1002/pon.735.
Conflict of Interest
None for any author.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sanders, A., Szymanski, K. Siblings of People Diagnosed with a Mental Disorder and Posttraumatic Growth. Community Ment Health J 49, 554–559 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-012-9498-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-012-9498-x