Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop a structural equation model that tested the effects of emotional reactivity on the relational health of a representative sample of 736 premarital couples. We hypothesized that partners’ perceived family-of-origin experience would be predictive of partners’ reports of their own and their partners’ emotional reactivity. These reports were hypothesized to predict partners’ reports of their own and their partners’ ability to manage conflict, which were hypothesized to predict relationship satisfaction. Overall, the model fit the data quite well, with particularly interesting differences by gender. We discuss the model’s fit within the larger body of literature, the potential implications and limitations of our findings, and future research considerations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amato, P. R. (2000). Consequences of divorce for adults and children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 1269–1287.
Amato, P. R., & Booth, A. (2001). The legacy of parents’ marital discord: Consequences for children’s marital quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 627–638.
Amato, P. R., & Cheadle, J. (2005). The long reach of divorce: Divorce and child well-being across three generations. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67, 191–206.
Amato, P. R., & Sobolewski, J. M. (2001). The effects of divorce and marital discord on adult children’s psychological well-being. American Sociological Review, 66, 900–921.
Arbuckle, J. L., & Wothke, W. (1999). Amos 4.0 user’s guide. Chicago: SPSS.
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238–246.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonnett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analyses of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588–606.
Booth, A., Carver, K., & Granger, D. A. (2000). Biosocial perspectives on the family. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 1018–1034.
Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York: Jason Aronson.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Busby, D. M., Gardner, B. C., & Taniguchi, N. (2005). The family of origin parachute model: Landing safely in adult romantic relationships. Family Relations, 54, 254–264.
Busby, D. M., Holman, T. B., & Taniguchi, N. (2001). RELATE: Relationship evaluation of the individual, family, cultural, and couple contexts. Family Relations, 50, 308–316.
Canary, D. J., & Stafford, L. (1992). Relational maintenance strategies and equity in marriage. Communication Monographs, 59, 243–267.
Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (1999). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications. New York: Guilford Press.
Conger, R. D., Cui, M., Bryant, C. M., & Elder, G. H. (2000). Competence in early adult romantic relationships: A developmental perspective on family influences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 224–237.
Crowell, J. A., Treboux, D., & Waters, E. (2002). Stability of attachment representations: The transition to marriage. Developmental Psychology, 38, 467–479.
Davies, P. T., & Lindsay, L. L. (2004). Interparental conflict and adolescent adjustment: Why does gender moderate early adolescent vulnerability? Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 160–170.
Donnellan, M. B., Larsen-Rife, D., & Conger, R. D. (2005). Personality, family history, and competence in early adult romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 562–576.
El-Sheikh, M., Cummings, E. M., & Goetsch, V. L. (1989). Coping with adults’ angry behavior: Behavioral, physiological, and verbal responses in preschoolers. Developmental Psychology, 25, 490–498.
Gottman, J. M. (1993). A theory of marital dissolution and stability. Journal of Family Psychology, 7, 57–75.
Gottman, J. M. (1994). What predicts divorce? The relationship between marital processes and marital outcomes. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Gottman, J. M., Coan, J., Carrere, S., & Swanson, C. (1998). Predicting marital happiness and stability from newlywed interactions. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60, 5–22.
Gottman, J. M., & Levenson, R. W. (1999). What predicts change in marital interaction over time? A study of alternative models. Family Process, 38, 143–158.
Gottman, J. M., & Notarius, C. I. (2000). Decade review: Observing marital interaction. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 62, 927–947.
Granic, I., & Hollenstein, T. (2003). Dynamic systems methods for models of developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 15, 641–669.
Griffin, W. A. (1993). Transitions from negative affect during marital interaction: Husband and wife differences. Journal of Family Psychology, 6, 230–244.
Griffin, W. A. (2003). Affect pattern recognition: Using discrete hidden Markov models to discriminate distressed from nondistressed couples. Marriage & Family Review, 34, 139–163.
Heyman, R. E. (2001). Observation of couple conflicts: Clinical assessment applications, stubborn truths, and shaky foundations. Psychological Assessment, 13, 5–35.
Huizink, A. C., Mulder, E. J. H., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2004). Prenatal stress and risk for psychopathology: Specific effects or induction of general susceptibility? Psychological Bulletin, 130, 115–142.
Johnson, S. M. (1996). The practice of emotionally focused marital therapy: Creating connection. Florence, KY: Brunner/Mazel.
Johnson, M. D., Karney, B. R., Rogge, R., & Bradbury, T. N. (2001). The role of marital behavior in the longitudinal association between attributions and marital quality. In V. Manusov, & J. H. Harvey (Eds.), Attributions, communication behavior, and close relationships (pp. 173–192). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kerr, M. E., & Bowen, M. (1988). Family evaluation. New York: W. W. Norton.
Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Bane, C., Glaser, R., & Malarkey, W. B. (2003). Love, marriage, and divorce: Newlywed’s stress hormones foreshadow relationship changes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 176–188.
Lewis, M. D. (2000). The promise of dynamic systems approaches for an integrated account of human development. Child Development, 71, 36–43.
Matthews, L. S., & Conger, R. D. (2004). “He did it on purpose!” Family correlates of negative attributions about an adolescent sibling. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 14, 257–284.
McDonald, R. P., & Ho, M. R. (2002). Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analyses. Psychological Methods, 7, 64–82.
Ragsdale, J. D. (1996). Gender, satisfaction level, and the use of relational maintenance strategies in marriage. Communication Monographs, 63, 354–369.
Repetti, R. L., Taylor, S. E., & Seeman, T. E. (2002). Risky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 330–336.
Robles, T. F., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2003). The physiology of marriage: Pathways to health. Physiology & Behavior, 79, 409–416.
Scaramella, L. V., & Conger, R. D. (2003). Intergenerational continuity of hostile parenting and its consequences: The moderating influence of children’s negative emotional reactivity. Social Development, 12, 420–439.
Smith, D. A., Vivian, D., & O’Leary, K. D. (1990). Longitudinal prediction of marital discord from premarital expressions of affect. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 790–798.
Stanley, S. M., Markman, H. J., & Whitton, S. W. (2002). Communication, conflict, and commitment: Insights on the foundations of success from a national survey. Family Process, 41, 659–675.
Story, L. B., Karney, B. R., Lawrence, E., & Bradbury, T. N. (2004). Interpersonal mediators in the intergenerational transmission of marital dysfunction. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 519–529.
Treboux, D., Crowell, J. A., & Waters, E. (2004). When “new” meets “old”: Configurations of adult attachment representations and their implications for marital functioning. Developmental Psychology, 40, 295–314.
Troxel, W. M., & Matthews, K. A. (2004). What are the costs of marital conflict and dissolution to children’s physical health? Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 7, 29–57.
Watson, D., Hubbard, B., & Wiese, D. (2000). General traits of personality and affectivity as predictors of satisfaction in intimate relationships: Evidence from self- and partner-ratings. Journal of Personality, 68, 413–449.
Whisman, M. A., Uebelacker, L. A., & Weinstock, L. M. (2004). Psychopathology and marital satisfaction: The importance of evaluating both partners. Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology, 72, 830–838.
Acknowledgments
This research was partially supported by funding from the College of Human Sciences at Texas Tech University and by the Family Studies Center at Brigham Young University. An earlier version of this research was presented at the 2003 Annual Conference of the National Council on Family Relations in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gardner, B.C., Busby, D.M. & Brimhall, A.S. Putting Emotional Reactivity in its Place? Exploring Family-of-origin Influences on Emotional Reactivity, Conflict, and Satisfaction in Premarital Couples. Contemp Fam Ther 29, 113–127 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-007-9039-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-007-9039-x