Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development 5/2021

Open Access 18-09-2020 | Original Article

Your Fear is My Fear: The Relationship Between Parental and Offspring Anxieties

Auteurs: Dirk Adolph, Jürgen Margraf, Silvia Schneider

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 5/2021

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Contrary to the well-documented link between parental and offspring clinical anxiety, little is known about the relationship between parental everyday-life anxieties (e.g., concerning family, finances, health) and offspring anxieties. To close this gap, we assessed the frequency of parental symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety disorders and everyday-life anxieties, as well as the frequency of offspring anxiety symptoms in a representative sample by self-report. Parents reported that 48.4% of the children were free of specific symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety disorders within the last 12 months, 39.2% showed low symptom load (1–3 symptoms) and 12.4% were moderately or severely strained (4–10 symptoms). Replicating previous studies, parental DSM-IV symptoms increased offspring risk for the same symptoms. In addition, parental everyday-life anxieties showed a positive relationship with offspring symptom severity. Demographic variables (female sex, low socioeconomic status and younger age) and parental anxiety markers explained 18% of variance in offspring symptom severity. The data are discussed in light of current models of familial transmission.
Voetnoten
1
The data on frequency of symptoms of adult DSM-IV disorders can be found elsewhere [18].
 
2
The question was added after the assessment had already begun.
 
Literatuur
1.
go back to reference Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE (2005) Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV Disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. JAMA Psychiatry 62:617–627 Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE (2005) Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV Disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. JAMA Psychiatry 62:617–627
2.
go back to reference Polanczyk GV, Salum GA, Sugaya LS, Caye A, Rohde LA (2015) Annual research review: a meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 56:345–365PubMedCrossRef Polanczyk GV, Salum GA, Sugaya LS, Caye A, Rohde LA (2015) Annual research review: a meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 56:345–365PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Kossowsky J et al (2013) The separation anxiety hypothesis of panic disorder revisited: a meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 170:768–781PubMedCrossRef Kossowsky J et al (2013) The separation anxiety hypothesis of panic disorder revisited: a meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 170:768–781PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Woodward LJ, Fergusson DM (2001) Life course outcomes of young people with anxiety disorders in adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 40:1086–1093PubMedCrossRef Woodward LJ, Fergusson DM (2001) Life course outcomes of young people with anxiety disorders in adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 40:1086–1093PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Lieb R et al (2016) Impact of specific phobia on the risk of onset of emntal disorders: a 10-year prospective-longitudinal community-study of adolescents and young adults. Depress Anxiety 33:667–675PubMedCrossRef Lieb R et al (2016) Impact of specific phobia on the risk of onset of emntal disorders: a 10-year prospective-longitudinal community-study of adolescents and young adults. Depress Anxiety 33:667–675PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Wittchen HU, Nelson CB, Lachner G (1998) Prevalence of mental disorders and psychosocial impairments in adolescents and young adults. Psychol Med 28:109–126PubMedCrossRef Wittchen HU, Nelson CB, Lachner G (1998) Prevalence of mental disorders and psychosocial impairments in adolescents and young adults. Psychol Med 28:109–126PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Wittchen HU, Stein MB, Kessler RC (1999) Social fears and social phobia in a community sample of adolescents and young adults: prevalence, risk factors and co-morbidity. Psychol Med 29:309–323PubMedCrossRef Wittchen HU, Stein MB, Kessler RC (1999) Social fears and social phobia in a community sample of adolescents and young adults: prevalence, risk factors and co-morbidity. Psychol Med 29:309–323PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Bosmans G, Dujardin A, Vandevivere E, Braet C, Kerns K (2014) Family factors. In: Emmelkamp P, Ehring T (eds) The Wiley handbook of anxiety disorders. Wiley, New York, pp 172–190CrossRef Bosmans G, Dujardin A, Vandevivere E, Braet C, Kerns K (2014) Family factors. In: Emmelkamp P, Ehring T (eds) The Wiley handbook of anxiety disorders. Wiley, New York, pp 172–190CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Seehagen S, Margraf J, Schneider S (2014) Developmental psychopathology. In: Emmelkamp P, Ehring T (eds) The Wiley handbook of anxiety disorders. Wiley, New York, pp 148–171CrossRef Seehagen S, Margraf J, Schneider S (2014) Developmental psychopathology. In: Emmelkamp P, Ehring T (eds) The Wiley handbook of anxiety disorders. Wiley, New York, pp 148–171CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Cooper PJ, Fearn V, Willetts L, Seabrook H, Parkinson M (2006) Affective disorder in the parents of a clinic sample of children with anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord 93:205–212PubMedCrossRef Cooper PJ, Fearn V, Willetts L, Seabrook H, Parkinson M (2006) Affective disorder in the parents of a clinic sample of children with anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord 93:205–212PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Micco JA et al (2009) Anxiety and depressive disorders in offspring at high risk for anxiety: a meta-analysis. J Anxiety Disord 23:1158–1164PubMedCrossRef Micco JA et al (2009) Anxiety and depressive disorders in offspring at high risk for anxiety: a meta-analysis. J Anxiety Disord 23:1158–1164PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Turner SM, Beidel DC, Costello A (1987) Psychopathology in the offspring of anxiety disorders patients. J Consult Clin Psychol 55:229–235PubMedCrossRef Turner SM, Beidel DC, Costello A (1987) Psychopathology in the offspring of anxiety disorders patients. J Consult Clin Psychol 55:229–235PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Telman LGE, van Steensel FJA, Maric M, Bögels SM (2017) What are the odds of anxiety disorders running in families? A family study of anxiety disorders in mothers, fathers, and siblings of children with anxiety disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27(5):615–624PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Telman LGE, van Steensel FJA, Maric M, Bögels SM (2017) What are the odds of anxiety disorders running in families? A family study of anxiety disorders in mothers, fathers, and siblings of children with anxiety disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27(5):615–624PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Low NCP, Cui L, Merikangas KR (2008) Specificity of familial transmission of anxiety and comorbid disorders. J Psychiatr Res 42:596–604PubMedCrossRef Low NCP, Cui L, Merikangas KR (2008) Specificity of familial transmission of anxiety and comorbid disorders. J Psychiatr Res 42:596–604PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference McLaughlin KA et al (2012) Parent psychopathology and offspring mental disorders: results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Br J Psychiatry 200(4):290–9PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef McLaughlin KA et al (2012) Parent psychopathology and offspring mental disorders: results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Br J Psychiatry 200(4):290–9PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
go back to reference van Santvoort F et al (2015) The impact of various parental mental disorders on children’s diagnoses: a systematic review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 18:281–299PubMedCrossRef van Santvoort F et al (2015) The impact of various parental mental disorders on children’s diagnoses: a systematic review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 18:281–299PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Twenge J (2000) The age of anxiety? Birth cohort change in anxiety and neuroticism, 1952–1993. J Pers Soc Psychol 79:1007–1021PubMedCrossRef Twenge J (2000) The age of anxiety? Birth cohort change in anxiety and neuroticism, 1952–1993. J Pers Soc Psychol 79:1007–1021PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Adolph D, Schneider S, Margraf J (2016) German anxiety barometer—clinical and everyday-life anxieties in the general population. Front Psychol 7:1344PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Adolph D, Schneider S, Margraf J (2016) German anxiety barometer—clinical and everyday-life anxieties in the general population. Front Psychol 7:1344PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Muris P, Steerneman P, Merckelbach H, Meesters C (1996) The role of parental fearfulness and modeling in children’s fear. Behav Res Ther 34:265–268PubMedCrossRef Muris P, Steerneman P, Merckelbach H, Meesters C (1996) The role of parental fearfulness and modeling in children’s fear. Behav Res Ther 34:265–268PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Faust V, Margraf J, Osterheider M, Strian F (1994) Diagnosehilfen. In: Angst E (ed) Angst-Manual der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin. Kybermed, Emsdetten Faust V, Margraf J, Osterheider M, Strian F (1994) Diagnosehilfen. In: Angst E (ed) Angst-Manual der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin. Kybermed, Emsdetten
21.
go back to reference Margraf J, Ehlers A (2007) Beck Angstinventar. Manual. Deutsche Bearbeitung (BAI). Harcourt Test Services GmbH, Frankfurt am Main Margraf J, Ehlers A (2007) Beck Angstinventar. Manual. Deutsche Bearbeitung (BAI). Harcourt Test Services GmbH, Frankfurt am Main
22.
go back to reference Margraf J, Poldrack A (2000) Angstsyndrome in Ost- und Westdeutschland: Eine repräsentative Bevölkerungserhebung. Z Klin Psychol Psychother 29:157–169CrossRef Margraf J, Poldrack A (2000) Angstsyndrome in Ost- und Westdeutschland: Eine repräsentative Bevölkerungserhebung. Z Klin Psychol Psychother 29:157–169CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Schneider S, Margraf J (2011) Diagnostische Interview bei Psychischen Störungen für DSM IV-TR, 4th edn. Springer, Berlin Schneider S, Margraf J (2011) Diagnostische Interview bei Psychischen Störungen für DSM IV-TR, 4th edn. Springer, Berlin
24.
go back to reference Wittchen H-U et al (1999) Screening for mental disorders: performance of the Composite International Diagnostic-Screener (CID-S). Int J Methods Psychiatri Res 8:59–70CrossRef Wittchen H-U et al (1999) Screening for mental disorders: performance of the Composite International Diagnostic-Screener (CID-S). Int J Methods Psychiatri Res 8:59–70CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Lampert T, Kroll L, Müters S, Stolzenberg H (2013) Messung des sozioökonomischen Status in der Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS1). Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 56:631–636PubMedCrossRef Lampert T, Kroll L, Müters S, Stolzenberg H (2013) Messung des sozioökonomischen Status in der Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS1). Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 56:631–636PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Lampert T, Kroll LE, Müters S, Stolzenberg H (2013) Messung des sozioökonomischen Status in der Studie „Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell“ (GEDA). Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 56:131–143PubMedCrossRef Lampert T, Kroll LE, Müters S, Stolzenberg H (2013) Messung des sozioökonomischen Status in der Studie „Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell“ (GEDA). Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 56:131–143PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Schneider S, Unnewehr S, Margraf J (2009) Diagnostisches interview psychischer Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter (K-DIPS). Springer, Berlin Schneider S, Unnewehr S, Margraf J (2009) Diagnostisches interview psychischer Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter (K-DIPS). Springer, Berlin
28.
go back to reference Hoyer J, Becker ES, Roth WT (2001) Characteristics of worry in GAD patients, social phobics, and controls. Depress Anxiety 13:89–96PubMedCrossRef Hoyer J, Becker ES, Roth WT (2001) Characteristics of worry in GAD patients, social phobics, and controls. Depress Anxiety 13:89–96PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Beesdo K, Knappe S, Pine DS (2009) Anxiety and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: developmental issues and implications for DSM-V. Psychiatr Clin 32:483–524 Beesdo K, Knappe S, Pine DS (2009) Anxiety and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: developmental issues and implications for DSM-V. Psychiatr Clin 32:483–524
30.
go back to reference Merikangas KR et al (2010) Lifetime Prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: results from the national comorbidity survey replication;adolescent supplement (NCS-A). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 49:980–989PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Merikangas KR et al (2010) Lifetime Prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: results from the national comorbidity survey replication;adolescent supplement (NCS-A). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 49:980–989PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Ravens-Sieberer U et al (2008) Prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents in Germany: results of the BELLA study within the National Health Interview and Examination Survey. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 17:22–33PubMedCrossRef Ravens-Sieberer U et al (2008) Prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents in Germany: results of the BELLA study within the National Health Interview and Examination Survey. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 17:22–33PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Kessler RC, et al (2006) The epidemiology of panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:415–424PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kessler RC, et al (2006) The epidemiology of panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:415–424PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Unnewehr S, Schneider S, Florin I, Margraf J (1998) Psychopathology in children of patients with panic disorder or animal phobia. Psychopathology 31:69–84PubMedCrossRef Unnewehr S, Schneider S, Florin I, Margraf J (1998) Psychopathology in children of patients with panic disorder or animal phobia. Psychopathology 31:69–84PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Lieb R, Knappe S (2011) Familiäre Transmission psychischer Störungen. In: Wittchen H-U, Hoyer J (eds) Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 91–106CrossRef Lieb R, Knappe S (2011) Familiäre Transmission psychischer Störungen. In: Wittchen H-U, Hoyer J (eds) Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 91–106CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Martini J, Wittich J, Knappe S (2013) Der Apfel fällt nicht weit vom Stamm—“Von der familiären Übertragung psychischer Störungen. In: Reichert J, Rüdiger M (eds) Psychol Neonatol. Hogrefe, Göttingen, pp 90–111 Martini J, Wittich J, Knappe S (2013) Der Apfel fällt nicht weit vom Stamm—“Von der familiären Übertragung psychischer Störungen. In: Reichert J, Rüdiger M (eds) Psychol Neonatol. Hogrefe, Göttingen, pp 90–111
36.
go back to reference Ollendick TH, King NJ, Frary RB (1989) Fears in children and adolescents: reliability and generalizability across gender, age and nationality. Behav Res Ther 27:19–26PubMedCrossRef Ollendick TH, King NJ, Frary RB (1989) Fears in children and adolescents: reliability and generalizability across gender, age and nationality. Behav Res Ther 27:19–26PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Weems CF, Costa NM (2005) Developmental differences in the expression of childhood anxiety symptoms and fears. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 44:656–663PubMedCrossRef Weems CF, Costa NM (2005) Developmental differences in the expression of childhood anxiety symptoms and fears. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 44:656–663PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference King NJ et al (1989) Fears of children and adolescents: a cross-sectional Australian study using the revised-fear survey schedule for children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 30:775–784PubMedCrossRef King NJ et al (1989) Fears of children and adolescents: a cross-sectional Australian study using the revised-fear survey schedule for children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 30:775–784PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Bradley RH, Corwyn RF (2002) Socioeconomic status and child development. Annu Rev Psychol 53:371–399PubMedCrossRef Bradley RH, Corwyn RF (2002) Socioeconomic status and child development. Annu Rev Psychol 53:371–399PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Reiss F (2013) Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Soc Sci Med 90:24–31PubMedCrossRef Reiss F (2013) Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Soc Sci Med 90:24–31PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference McLaughlin KA, et al (2011) Childhood socio-economic status and the onset, persistence, and severity of DSM-IV mental disorders in a US national sample. Soc Sci Med 73:1088–1096PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef McLaughlin KA, et al (2011) Childhood socio-economic status and the onset, persistence, and severity of DSM-IV mental disorders in a US national sample. Soc Sci Med 73:1088–1096PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Gar NS, Hudson JL (2008) An examination of the interactions between mothers and children with anxiety disorders. Behav Res Ther 46:1266–1274PubMedCrossRef Gar NS, Hudson JL (2008) An examination of the interactions between mothers and children with anxiety disorders. Behav Res Ther 46:1266–1274PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Turner SM, Beidel DC, Roberson-Nay R, Tervo K (2003) Parenting behaviors in parents with anxiety disorders. Behav Res Ther 41:541–554PubMedCrossRef Turner SM, Beidel DC, Roberson-Nay R, Tervo K (2003) Parenting behaviors in parents with anxiety disorders. Behav Res Ther 41:541–554PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Arbel N, Stravynski A (1991) A retrospective study of separation in the development of adult avoidant personality disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 83:174–178PubMedCrossRef Arbel N, Stravynski A (1991) A retrospective study of separation in the development of adult avoidant personality disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 83:174–178PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Hudson JL, Dodd HF, Lyneham HJ, Bovopoulous N (2011) Temperament and family environment in the development of anxiety disorder: two-year follow-up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50:1255-1264.e1251PubMedCrossRef Hudson JL, Dodd HF, Lyneham HJ, Bovopoulous N (2011) Temperament and family environment in the development of anxiety disorder: two-year follow-up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50:1255-1264.e1251PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Schneider S, In-Albon T, Nuendel B, Margraf J (2013) Parental panic treatment reduces children’s long-term psychopathology: a prospective longitudinal study. Psychother Psychosom 82:346–348PubMedCrossRef Schneider S, In-Albon T, Nuendel B, Margraf J (2013) Parental panic treatment reduces children’s long-term psychopathology: a prospective longitudinal study. Psychother Psychosom 82:346–348PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Achenbach TM, McConaughy SH, Howell CT (1987) Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychol Bull 101:213–232PubMedCrossRef Achenbach TM, McConaughy SH, Howell CT (1987) Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychol Bull 101:213–232PubMedCrossRef
48.
49.
go back to reference Crawford AM, Manassis K (2001) Familial predictors of treatment outcome in childhood anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 40:1182–1189PubMedCrossRef Crawford AM, Manassis K (2001) Familial predictors of treatment outcome in childhood anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 40:1182–1189PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Cobham VE, Dadds MR, Spence SH (1998) The role of parental anxiety in the treatment of childhood anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol 66:893–905PubMedCrossRef Cobham VE, Dadds MR, Spence SH (1998) The role of parental anxiety in the treatment of childhood anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol 66:893–905PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference McLeod JD, Kessler RC (1990) Socioeconomic status differences in vulnerability to undesirable life events. J Health Soc Behav 31:162–172PubMedCrossRef McLeod JD, Kessler RC (1990) Socioeconomic status differences in vulnerability to undesirable life events. J Health Soc Behav 31:162–172PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Grzywacz JG, Almeida DM, Neupert SD, Ettner SL (2004) Socioeconomic status and health: a micro-level analysis o exposure and vulnerability to daily stressors. J Health Soc Behav 45:1–16PubMedCrossRef Grzywacz JG, Almeida DM, Neupert SD, Ettner SL (2004) Socioeconomic status and health: a micro-level analysis o exposure and vulnerability to daily stressors. J Health Soc Behav 45:1–16PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Cartwright-Hatton S, McNicol K, Doubleday E (2006) Anxiety in a neglected population: prevalence of anxiety disorders in pre-adolescent children. Clin Psychol Rev 26:817–833PubMedCrossRef Cartwright-Hatton S, McNicol K, Doubleday E (2006) Anxiety in a neglected population: prevalence of anxiety disorders in pre-adolescent children. Clin Psychol Rev 26:817–833PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Your Fear is My Fear: The Relationship Between Parental and Offspring Anxieties
Auteurs
Dirk Adolph
Jürgen Margraf
Silvia Schneider
Publicatiedatum
18-09-2020
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 5/2021
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01060-y

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2021

Child Psychiatry & Human Development 5/2021 Naar de uitgave