Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development 1/2019

25-06-2018 | Original Article

Spanish Language Use Across Generations and Depressive Symptoms Among US Latinos

Auteurs: Julia B. Ward, Anissa I. Vines, Mary N. Haan, Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes, Erline Miller, Allison E. Aiello

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 1/2019

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Acculturation markers, such as language use, have been associated with Latino depression. Language use may change between generations; however, few studies have collected intergenerational data to assess how language differences between generations impact depression. Using the Niños Lifestyle and Diabetes Study (2013–2014), we assessed how changes in Spanish language use across two generations of Mexican-origin participants in Sacramento, California, influenced offspring depressive symptoms (N = 603). High depressive symptoms were defined as CESD-10 scores ≥ 10. We used log-binomial and linear-binomial models to calculate prevalence ratios and differences, respectively, for depressive symptoms by language use, adjusting for identified confounders and within-family clustering. Decreased Spanish use and stable-equal English/Spanish use across generations protected against depressive symptoms, compared to stable-high Spanish use. Stable-low Spanish use was not associated with fewer depressive symptoms compared to stable-high Spanish use. Exposure to multiple languages cross-generationally may improve resource access and social networks that protect against depression.
Bijlagen
Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers
Literatuur
1.
go back to reference Siegel JM, Aneshensel CS, Taub B et al (1998) Adolescent depressed mood in a multiethnic sample. J Youth Adolesc 27:413–427CrossRef Siegel JM, Aneshensel CS, Taub B et al (1998) Adolescent depressed mood in a multiethnic sample. J Youth Adolesc 27:413–427CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Sadule-Rios N (2012) A review of the literature about depression in late life among Hispanics in the United States. Issues Ment Health Nurs 33:458–468CrossRefPubMed Sadule-Rios N (2012) A review of the literature about depression in late life among Hispanics in the United States. Issues Ment Health Nurs 33:458–468CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference González HM, Haan MN, Hinton L (2001) Acculturation and the prevalence of depression in older Mexican Americans: baseline results of the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 49:948–953CrossRefPubMed González HM, Haan MN, Hinton L (2001) Acculturation and the prevalence of depression in older Mexican Americans: baseline results of the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 49:948–953CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Behrens K, Del Pozo MA, Großhennig A et al (2015) How much orientation towards the host culture is healthy? Acculturation style as risk enhancement for depressive symptoms in immigrants. Int J Soc Psychiatry 61:498–505CrossRefPubMed Behrens K, Del Pozo MA, Großhennig A et al (2015) How much orientation towards the host culture is healthy? Acculturation style as risk enhancement for depressive symptoms in immigrants. Int J Soc Psychiatry 61:498–505CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Schwartz SJ, Unger JB, Zamboanga BL, Szapocznik J (2010) Rethinking the concept of acculturation: implications for theory and research. Am Psychol 65:237–251CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Schwartz SJ, Unger JB, Zamboanga BL, Szapocznik J (2010) Rethinking the concept of acculturation: implications for theory and research. Am Psychol 65:237–251CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
go back to reference Walker JL, Ruiz RJ, Chinn JJ et al (2012) Discrimination, acculturation and other predictors of depression among pregnant Hispanic women. Ethn Dis 22:497–503PubMedPubMedCentral Walker JL, Ruiz RJ, Chinn JJ et al (2012) Discrimination, acculturation and other predictors of depression among pregnant Hispanic women. Ethn Dis 22:497–503PubMedPubMedCentral
7.
go back to reference Hovey JD, Magaña C (2000) Acculturative stress, anxiety, and depression among Mexican immigrant farmworkers in the midwest United States. J Immigr Health 2:119–131CrossRefPubMed Hovey JD, Magaña C (2000) Acculturative stress, anxiety, and depression among Mexican immigrant farmworkers in the midwest United States. J Immigr Health 2:119–131CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Alegría M, Canino G, Shrout PE et al (2008) Prevalence of mental illness in immigrant and non-immigrant U.S. Latino groups. Am J Psychiatry 165:359–369CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Alegría M, Canino G, Shrout PE et al (2008) Prevalence of mental illness in immigrant and non-immigrant U.S. Latino groups. Am J Psychiatry 165:359–369CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
go back to reference Torres L (2010) Predicting levels of Latino depression: acculturation, acculturative stress, and coping. Cult Divers Ethn Minor Psychol 16:256–263CrossRef Torres L (2010) Predicting levels of Latino depression: acculturation, acculturative stress, and coping. Cult Divers Ethn Minor Psychol 16:256–263CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Lorenzo-Blanco EI, Unger JB, Ritt-Olson A et al (2011) Acculturation, gender, depression, and cigarette smoking among U.S. Hispanic youth: the mediating role of perceived discrimination. J Youth Adolesc 40:1519–1533CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lorenzo-Blanco EI, Unger JB, Ritt-Olson A et al (2011) Acculturation, gender, depression, and cigarette smoking among U.S. Hispanic youth: the mediating role of perceived discrimination. J Youth Adolesc 40:1519–1533CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
go back to reference Perez-Rodriguez MM, Baca-Garcia E, Oquendo MA et al (2014) Relationship between acculturation, discrimination, and suicidal ideation and attempts among US Hispanics in the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 75:399–407CrossRefPubMed Perez-Rodriguez MM, Baca-Garcia E, Oquendo MA et al (2014) Relationship between acculturation, discrimination, and suicidal ideation and attempts among US Hispanics in the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 75:399–407CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Polanco-Roman L, Miranda R (2013) Culturally related stress, hopelessness, and vulnerability to depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in emerging adulthood. Behav Ther 44:75–87CrossRefPubMed Polanco-Roman L, Miranda R (2013) Culturally related stress, hopelessness, and vulnerability to depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in emerging adulthood. Behav Ther 44:75–87CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Hwang W-C (2006) Acculturative family distancing: theory, research, and clinical practice. Psychotherapy (Chicago) 43:397–409CrossRef Hwang W-C (2006) Acculturative family distancing: theory, research, and clinical practice. Psychotherapy (Chicago) 43:397–409CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Schwartz SJ, Unger JB, Zamboanga BL et al (2015) Developmental trajectories of acculturation: links with family functioning and mental health in recent-immigrant Hispanic adolescents. Child Dev 86:726–748CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Schwartz SJ, Unger JB, Zamboanga BL et al (2015) Developmental trajectories of acculturation: links with family functioning and mental health in recent-immigrant Hispanic adolescents. Child Dev 86:726–748CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
go back to reference McQueen A, Getz JG, Bray JH (2003) Acculturation, substance use, and deviant behavior: examining separation and family conflict as mediators. Child Dev 74:1737–1750CrossRefPubMed McQueen A, Getz JG, Bray JH (2003) Acculturation, substance use, and deviant behavior: examining separation and family conflict as mediators. Child Dev 74:1737–1750CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Tschann JM, Flores E, Marin BV et al (2002) Interparental conflict and risk behaviors among Mexican American adolescents: a cognitive-emotional model. J Abnorm Child Psychol 30:373–385CrossRefPubMed Tschann JM, Flores E, Marin BV et al (2002) Interparental conflict and risk behaviors among Mexican American adolescents: a cognitive-emotional model. J Abnorm Child Psychol 30:373–385CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Alegría M, Mulvaney-Day N, Torres M et al (2007) Prevalence of psychiatric disorders across Latino subgroups in the United States. Am J Public Health 97:68–75CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Alegría M, Mulvaney-Day N, Torres M et al (2007) Prevalence of psychiatric disorders across Latino subgroups in the United States. Am J Public Health 97:68–75CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
go back to reference López SR, Nelson Hipke K, Polo AJ et al (2004) Ethnicity, expressed emotion, attributions, and course of schizophrenia: family warmth matters. J Abnorm Psychol 113:428–439CrossRefPubMed López SR, Nelson Hipke K, Polo AJ et al (2004) Ethnicity, expressed emotion, attributions, and course of schizophrenia: family warmth matters. J Abnorm Psychol 113:428–439CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Zayas LH, Bright CL, Álvarez-Sánchez T, Cabassa LJ (2009) Acculturation, familism and mother–daughter relations among suicidal and non-suicidal adolescent Latinas. J Prim Prev 30:351–369CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zayas LH, Bright CL, Álvarez-Sánchez T, Cabassa LJ (2009) Acculturation, familism and mother–daughter relations among suicidal and non-suicidal adolescent Latinas. J Prim Prev 30:351–369CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
go back to reference Smokowski PR, Rose RA, Bacallao M (2010) Influence of risk factors and cultural assets on Latino adolescents’ trajectories of self-esteem and internalizing symptoms. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 41:133–155CrossRefPubMed Smokowski PR, Rose RA, Bacallao M (2010) Influence of risk factors and cultural assets on Latino adolescents’ trajectories of self-esteem and internalizing symptoms. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 41:133–155CrossRefPubMed
21.
22.
go back to reference Sadule-Rios N, Tappen R, Williams CL, Rosselli M (2014) Older Hispanics’ explanatory model of depression. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 28:242–249CrossRefPubMed Sadule-Rios N, Tappen R, Williams CL, Rosselli M (2014) Older Hispanics’ explanatory model of depression. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 28:242–249CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Suarez L, Ramirez A (1999) Hispanic/Latino health and disease: an overview. In: Huff R, Kline M (eds) Promoting health in multicultural populations: a handbook for practitioners. SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousad Oaks, pp 115–136 Suarez L, Ramirez A (1999) Hispanic/Latino health and disease: an overview. In: Huff R, Kline M (eds) Promoting health in multicultural populations: a handbook for practitioners. SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousad Oaks, pp 115–136
24.
go back to reference Hunt LM, Schneider S, Comer B (2004) Should “acculturation” be a variable in health research? A critical review of research on US Hispanics. Soc Sci Med 59:973–986CrossRefPubMed Hunt LM, Schneider S, Comer B (2004) Should “acculturation” be a variable in health research? A critical review of research on US Hispanics. Soc Sci Med 59:973–986CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Hernan MA, Robins JM (2011) Causal inference. CRC Press, Boca Raton Hernan MA, Robins JM (2011) Causal inference. CRC Press, Boca Raton
26.
go back to reference Hernán MA, Taubman SL (2008) Does obesity shorten life? The importance of well-defined interventions to answer causal questions. Int J Obes (London) 32(Suppl 3):S8–S14CrossRef Hernán MA, Taubman SL (2008) Does obesity shorten life? The importance of well-defined interventions to answer causal questions. Int J Obes (London) 32(Suppl 3):S8–S14CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Valdez CR, Mills MT, Bohlig AJ, Kaplan D (2013) The role of parental language acculturation in the formation of social capital: differential effects on high-risk children. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 44:334–350CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Valdez CR, Mills MT, Bohlig AJ, Kaplan D (2013) The role of parental language acculturation in the formation of social capital: differential effects on high-risk children. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 44:334–350CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
go back to reference Kam JA, Lazarevic V (2014) The stressful (and not so stressful) nature of language brokering: identifying when brokering functions as a cultural stressor for Latino immigrant children in early adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 43:1994–2011CrossRefPubMed Kam JA, Lazarevic V (2014) The stressful (and not so stressful) nature of language brokering: identifying when brokering functions as a cultural stressor for Latino immigrant children in early adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 43:1994–2011CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Koneru VK, Weisman de Mamani AG, Flynn PM, Betancourt H (2007) Acculturation and mental health: current findings and recommendations for future research. Appl Prev Psychol 12:76–96CrossRef Koneru VK, Weisman de Mamani AG, Flynn PM, Betancourt H (2007) Acculturation and mental health: current findings and recommendations for future research. Appl Prev Psychol 12:76–96CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Halle TG, Whittaker JV, Zepeda M et al (2014) The social-emotional development of dual language learners: looking back at existing research and moving forward with purpose. Early Child Res Q 29:734–749CrossRef Halle TG, Whittaker JV, Zepeda M et al (2014) The social-emotional development of dual language learners: looking back at existing research and moving forward with purpose. Early Child Res Q 29:734–749CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Padilla A (1999) Psychology. In: Fishman JA (ed) Handbook of language and ethnic identity. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 109–121 Padilla A (1999) Psychology. In: Fishman JA (ed) Handbook of language and ethnic identity. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 109–121
33.
go back to reference Vega WA, Zimmerman R, Gil A et al (1993) Acculturative strain theory: its application explaining drug use behavior among Cuban and non-Cuban Hispanic youth. In: De La Rosa M (ed) Drug abuse among minority youth: advances in research and methodology. NIDA, Rockville, pp 144–166 Vega WA, Zimmerman R, Gil A et al (1993) Acculturative strain theory: its application explaining drug use behavior among Cuban and non-Cuban Hispanic youth. In: De La Rosa M (ed) Drug abuse among minority youth: advances in research and methodology. NIDA, Rockville, pp 144–166
34.
go back to reference Mulvaney-Day NE, Alegría M, Sribney W (2007) Social cohesion, social support, and health among Latinos in the United States. Soc Sci Med 64:477–495CrossRefPubMed Mulvaney-Day NE, Alegría M, Sribney W (2007) Social cohesion, social support, and health among Latinos in the United States. Soc Sci Med 64:477–495CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Radloff LS (1977) The CES-D Scale: a Self-Report Depression Scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1:385–401CrossRef Radloff LS (1977) The CES-D Scale: a Self-Report Depression Scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1:385–401CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Kohout FJ, Berkman LF, Evans DA, Cornoni-Huntley J (1993) Two shorter forms of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression) depression symptoms index. J Aging Health 5:179–193CrossRefPubMed Kohout FJ, Berkman LF, Evans DA, Cornoni-Huntley J (1993) Two shorter forms of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression) depression symptoms index. J Aging Health 5:179–193CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Andresen EM, Malmgren JA, Carter WB, Patrick DL (1994) Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). Am J Prev Med 10:77–84CrossRefPubMed Andresen EM, Malmgren JA, Carter WB, Patrick DL (1994) Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). Am J Prev Med 10:77–84CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Irwin M, Artin KH, Oxman MN (1999) Screening for depression in the older adult: criterion validity of the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Arch Intern Med 159:1701–1704CrossRefPubMed Irwin M, Artin KH, Oxman MN (1999) Screening for depression in the older adult: criterion validity of the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Arch Intern Med 159:1701–1704CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Robison J, Gruman C, Gaztambide S, Blank K (2002) Screening for depression in middle-aged and older puerto rican primary care patients. J Gerontol A 57:M308–M314CrossRef Robison J, Gruman C, Gaztambide S, Blank K (2002) Screening for depression in middle-aged and older puerto rican primary care patients. J Gerontol A 57:M308–M314CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Albrecht SS, Gordon-Larsen P (2014) Socioeconomic gradients in body mass index (BMI) in US immigrants during the transition to adulthood: examining the roles of parental education and intergenerational educational mobility. J Epidemiol Community Health 68:842–848CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Albrecht SS, Gordon-Larsen P (2014) Socioeconomic gradients in body mass index (BMI) in US immigrants during the transition to adulthood: examining the roles of parental education and intergenerational educational mobility. J Epidemiol Community Health 68:842–848CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
go back to reference Spiegelman D, Hertzmark E (2005) Easy SAS calculations for risk or prevalence ratios and differences. Am J Epidemiol 162:199–200CrossRef Spiegelman D, Hertzmark E (2005) Easy SAS calculations for risk or prevalence ratios and differences. Am J Epidemiol 162:199–200CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Liang K-Y, Zeger SL (1986) Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 73:13–22CrossRef Liang K-Y, Zeger SL (1986) Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 73:13–22CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Wassertheil-Smoller S, Arredondo EM, Cai J et al (2014) Depression, anxiety, antidepressant use, and cardiovascular disease among Hispanic men and women of different national backgrounds: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Ann Epidemiol 24:822–830CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wassertheil-Smoller S, Arredondo EM, Cai J et al (2014) Depression, anxiety, antidepressant use, and cardiovascular disease among Hispanic men and women of different national backgrounds: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Ann Epidemiol 24:822–830CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
45.
go back to reference Stuart GW, Minas IH, Klimidis S, O’Connell S (1996) English language ability and mental health service utilisation: a census. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 30:270–277CrossRefPubMed Stuart GW, Minas IH, Klimidis S, O’Connell S (1996) English language ability and mental health service utilisation: a census. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 30:270–277CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference O’Donnell RM (1989) Functional Disability among the Puerto Rican Elderly. J Aging Health 1:244–264CrossRef O’Donnell RM (1989) Functional Disability among the Puerto Rican Elderly. J Aging Health 1:244–264CrossRef
47.
go back to reference Portes A, Hao L (2002) The price of uniformity: language, family and personality adjustment in the immigrant second generation. Ethn Racial Stud 25:889–912CrossRef Portes A, Hao L (2002) The price of uniformity: language, family and personality adjustment in the immigrant second generation. Ethn Racial Stud 25:889–912CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Stanton-Salazar RD, Dornbusch SM (1995) Social capital and the reproduction of inequality: information networks among Mexican-origin high school students. Sociol Educ 68:116–135CrossRef Stanton-Salazar RD, Dornbusch SM (1995) Social capital and the reproduction of inequality: information networks among Mexican-origin high school students. Sociol Educ 68:116–135CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Romero AJ, Robinson TN, Haydel KF et al (2004) Associations among familism, language preference, and education in Mexican-American mothers and their children. J Dev Behav Pediatr 25:34–40CrossRefPubMed Romero AJ, Robinson TN, Haydel KF et al (2004) Associations among familism, language preference, and education in Mexican-American mothers and their children. J Dev Behav Pediatr 25:34–40CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference Zeiders KH, Updegraff KA, Umaña-Taylor AJ et al (2013) Mexican-origin youths’ trajectories of depressive symptoms: the role of familism values. J Adolesc Heal 53:648–654CrossRef Zeiders KH, Updegraff KA, Umaña-Taylor AJ et al (2013) Mexican-origin youths’ trajectories of depressive symptoms: the role of familism values. J Adolesc Heal 53:648–654CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Romero AJ, Roberts RE (2003) Stress within a bicultural context for adolescents of Mexican descent. Cult Divers Ethn Minor Psychol 9:171–184CrossRef Romero AJ, Roberts RE (2003) Stress within a bicultural context for adolescents of Mexican descent. Cult Divers Ethn Minor Psychol 9:171–184CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Lynch J, Davey Smith G, Harper S, Bainbridge K (2006) Explaining the social gradient in coronary heart disease: comparing relative and absolute risk approaches. J Epidemiol Community Health 60:436–441CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lynch J, Davey Smith G, Harper S, Bainbridge K (2006) Explaining the social gradient in coronary heart disease: comparing relative and absolute risk approaches. J Epidemiol Community Health 60:436–441CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
53.
go back to reference Motel S, Patten E (2013) Statistical portrait of Hispanics in the United States, 2011. Pew Hispanic Center, Washington, DC Motel S, Patten E (2013) Statistical portrait of Hispanics in the United States, 2011. Pew Hispanic Center, Washington, DC
54.
go back to reference Thomas JL, Jones GN, Scarinci IC et al (2001) The utility of the CES-D as a depression screening measure among low-income women attending primary care clinics. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression. Int J Psychiatry Med 31:25–40CrossRefPubMed Thomas JL, Jones GN, Scarinci IC et al (2001) The utility of the CES-D as a depression screening measure among low-income women attending primary care clinics. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression. Int J Psychiatry Med 31:25–40CrossRefPubMed
55.
go back to reference Fechner-Bates S, Coyne JC, Schwenk TL (1994) The relationship of self-reported distress to depressive disorders and other psychopathology. J Consult Clin Psychol 62:550–559CrossRefPubMed Fechner-Bates S, Coyne JC, Schwenk TL (1994) The relationship of self-reported distress to depressive disorders and other psychopathology. J Consult Clin Psychol 62:550–559CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Adler NE, Newman K (2002) Socioeconomic disparities in health: pathways and policies. Health Aff (Millwood) 21:60–76CrossRef Adler NE, Newman K (2002) Socioeconomic disparities in health: pathways and policies. Health Aff (Millwood) 21:60–76CrossRef
57.
go back to reference Laaksonen M, Rahkonen O, Martikainen P, Lahelma E (2005) Socioeconomic position and self-rated health: the contribution of childhood socioeconomic circumstances, adult socioeconomic status, and material resources. Am J Public Health 95:1403–1409CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Laaksonen M, Rahkonen O, Martikainen P, Lahelma E (2005) Socioeconomic position and self-rated health: the contribution of childhood socioeconomic circumstances, adult socioeconomic status, and material resources. Am J Public Health 95:1403–1409CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metagegevens
Titel
Spanish Language Use Across Generations and Depressive Symptoms Among US Latinos
Auteurs
Julia B. Ward
Anissa I. Vines
Mary N. Haan
Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes
Erline Miller
Allison E. Aiello
Publicatiedatum
25-06-2018
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 1/2019
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-018-0820-x

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2019

Child Psychiatry & Human Development 1/2019 Naar de uitgave