Skip to main content
Mijn bibliotheek
Shop
Nieuws Boeken Tijdschriften E-learning Web-tv Video Audio
Tips voor Mijn BSL
UITGEBREID ZOEKEN
Inloggen
Top
Child Psychiatry & Human Development
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development 4/2018

17-11-2017 | Original Article

The Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire: Measurement Invariance and Reliability Among a School Sample of Portuguese Youths

Auteurs: Pedro Pechorro, Lara Ayala-Nunes, Rachel Kahn, Cristina Nunes

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 4/2018

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail
    Link delen
publish
Publiceer nu

Abstract

Aggression is an important risk factor for various forms of problem behaviors in adolescence, and research has often distinguished between reactive and proactive forms of aggression. The aim of the present study was to compare the psychometric properties (i.e., structural invariance, internal consistency, and criterion validity) of the Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) between males and females among a mixed-gender school sample of 782 Portuguese youth (M = 15.87 years, SD = 1.72). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a two-factor first-order structure obtained the best fit and cross-gender measurement invariance was demonstrated after excluding item 21. The Portuguese version of the RPQ demonstrated generally adequate psychometric properties of internal consistency measured by Cronbach’s alpha and omega coefficient, convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, and known-groups validity. Findings are discussed in terms of the use of the RPQ with male and female youths.
vorige artikel Paternal Anxiety in Relation to Toddler Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Maternal Behavior
volgende artikel Early Life Characteristics and Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in the Mount Sinai Children’s Environmental Health Center
Literatuur
1.
Berkowitz L (1993) Aggression: its causes, consequences and control. Temple University Press, Philadelphia
2.
3.
Sears RR (1961) Relation of early socialization experiences to aggression in middle childhood. J Abnorm Psychol 63:466–492CrossRef
4.
Dodge KA (1991) The structure and function of reactive and proactive aggression. In: Pepler D, Rubin K (eds) The development and treatment of childhood aggression. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 201–218
5.
Buss AH (1995) Personality: temperament, social behaviour, and the self. Allen and Bacon, Boston
6.
Crick NR (1996) The role of overt aggression, relational aggression, and prosocial behaviour in the prediction of children’s future social adjustment. Child Dev 67:2317–2327CrossRefPubMed
7.
Underwood MK, Galen BR, Paquette JA (2001) Top ten challenges for understanding gender and aggression in children: Why can’t we all just get along? Soc Dev 10:248–266CrossRef
8.
Raine A, Dodge K, Loeber R, Gatzke-Kopp L, Lynam D, Reynolds C et al (2006) The reactive–proactive aggression questionnaire: differential correlates of reactive and proactive aggression in adolescent boys. Aggress Behav 32:159–171CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Bandura A (1973) Aggression: a social learning analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
10.
Bushman BJ, Anderson CA (2001) Media violence and the American public: scientific facts versus media misinformation. Am Psychol 56:477–489CrossRefPubMed
11.
Fossati A, Raine A, Borroni S, Bizzozero A, Volpi E, Santalucia I, Maffei C (2009) A cross-cultural study of the psychometric properties of the reactive–proactive aggression questionnaire among Italian nonclinical adolescents. Psychol Assessment 21:131–135CrossRef
12.
Fung ALC, Raine A, Gao Y (2009) Cross-cultural generalizability of the reactive–proactive aggression questionnaire (RPQ). J Pers Assess 91:473–479CrossRefPubMed
13.
Poulin F, Boivin M (2000) Reactive and proactive aggression: evidence of a two-factor model. Psychol Assess 12:115–122CrossRefPubMed
14.
Vitaro F, Brendgen M, Barker ED (2006) Subtypes of aggressive behaviors: a developmental perspective. Int J Behav Dev 30:12–19CrossRef
15.
Ang RP, Huan VS, Florell D (2014) Understanding the relationship between proactive and reactive aggression, and cyberbullying across United States and Singapore adolescent samples. J Interpers Violence 29:237–254CrossRefPubMed
16.
Fite PJ, Stoppelbein L, Greening L (2009) Proactive and reactive aggression in a child psychiatric inpatient population. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 38:199–205CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Card NA, Little TD (2006) Proactive and reactive aggression in childhood and adolescence: a meta-analysis of differential relations with psychosocial adjustment. Int J Behav Dev 30:466–480CrossRef
18.
Cima M, Raine A (2009) Distinct characteristics of psychopathy relate to different subtypes of aggression. Pers Individ Dif 47:835–840CrossRef
19.
Tuvblad C, Raine A, Zheng M, Baker LA (2009) Genetic and environmental stability differs in reactive and proactive aggression. Aggress Behav 35:437–452CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
Penado M, Andreu JM, Peña E (2014) Agresividad reactiva, proactiva y mixta: análisis de los factores de riesgo individual [Reactive, proactive and mixed type aggression: Analysis of individual risk factors]. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica 24:37–42CrossRef
21.
Polman H, de Castro BO, Koops W, van Boxtel HW, Merk WW (2007) A meta-analysis of the distinction between reactive and proactive aggression in children and adolescents. J Abnorm Child Psychol 35:522–535CrossRefPubMed
22.
Borroni S, Somma A, Andershed H, Maffei C, Fossati A (2014) Psychopathy dimensions, big five traits, and dispositional aggression in adolescence: Issues of gender consistency. Pers Individ Dif 66:199–203CrossRef
23.
Seals RW, Sharp C, Ha C, Michonski JD (2012) The relationship between the youth psychopathic traits inventory and psychopathology in a US community sample of male youth. J Pers Assess 94:232–243CrossRefPubMed
24.
Baker L, Raine A, Liu J, Jacobsen KC (2008) Differential genetic and environmental influences on reactive and proactive aggression in children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 36:1265–1278CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Cima M, Raine A, Meesters C, Popma A (2013) Validation of the dutch reactive proactive questionnaire (RPQ): differential correlates of reactive and proactive aggression from childhood to adulthood. Aggress Behav 39:99–113CrossRefPubMed
26.
Miller JD, Lynam DR (2006) Reactive and proactive aggression: similarities and differences. Pers Individ Dif 41:1469–1480CrossRef
27.
van Baardewijk Y, Vermeiren R, Stegge H, Doreleijers T (2011) Self-reported psychopathic traits in children: their stability and concurrent and prospective association with conduct problems and aggression. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 33:236–245CrossRef
28.
Ang RP, Raine A (2009) Reliability, validity and invariance of the narcissistic personality questionnaire for children-revised (NPQC-R). J Psychopathol Behav Assess 31:143–151CrossRef
29.
Seah SL, Ang RP (2008) Differential correlates of reactive and proactive aggression in Asian adolescents: relations to narcissism, anxiety, schizotypal traits, and peer relations. Aggress Behav 34:553–562CrossRefPubMed
30.
Ang RP, Huan VS, Li X, Chan WT (2016) Factor structure and invariance of the reactive and proactive aggression questionnaire in a large sample of young adolescents in Singapore. Child Psychiatr Hum Dev 47:883–889CrossRef
31.
Bas AU, Yurdabakan I (2012) Factor structure of the reactive–proactive aggression questionnaire in Turkish children and gender, grade-level, and socioeconomic status differences in reactive and proactive aggression. ‎J Psychoeduc Assess 30:284–297CrossRef
32.
Pechorro P, Kahn RE, Ray JV, Raine A, Gonçalves RA (2017) Psychometric properties of the reactive–proactive aggression questionnaire among a sample of detained and community girls. Crim Justice Behav 44:531–550CrossRef
33.
Li X, Fung AL (2015) Reactive and proactive aggression in mainland Chinese secondary school students. J Soc Work 15:297–316CrossRef
34.
35.
36.
Archer J (2004) Sex differences in aggression in real-world settings: a meta-analytic review. Rev General Psych 8:291–322CrossRef
37.
Connor DF, Steingard RJ, Anderson JJ, Melloni RH (2003) Gender differences in reactive and proactive aggression. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 33:279–294CrossRefPubMed
38.
Kempes M, Matthys W, de Vries H, van Engeland H (2005) Reactive and proactive aggression in children: a review of theory, findings and the relevance for child and adolescent psychiatry. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatr 14:11–19CrossRef
39.
Bergeron N, Schneider B (2005) Explaining cross-national differences in peer directed aggression: a quantitative synthesis. Aggress Behav 31:116–137CrossRef
40.
Pechorro P, Ray J, Raine A, Maroco J, Gonçalves R (2017) The reactive-proactive aggression questionnaire: validation among a Portuguese sample of incarcerated juvenile delinquents. J Interpers Violence 32:1995–2017CrossRef
41.
42.
Marsee MA, Barry CT, Childs KK, Frick PJ, Kimonis ER, Muñoz LC et al (2011) Assessing the forms and functions of aggression using self-report: factor structure and invariance of the Peer Conflict Scale in youths. Psychol Assess 23:792–804CrossRefPubMed
43.
Scott BG, Lapré GE, Marsee MA, Weems CF (2014) Aggressive behavior and its associations with posttraumatic stress and academic achievement following a natural disaster. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 43:43–50CrossRefPubMed
44.
45.
Frick P, Hare R (2001) The antisocial process screening device (APSD): technical manual. Multi-Health Systems, Toronto
46.
Caputo A, Frick P, Brodsky S (1999) Family violence and juvenile sex offending. ‎Crim Justice Behav 26:338–356CrossRef
47.
Hare R (2003) Hare psychopathy checklist–revised: technical manual, 2nd edn. Multi-Health Systems, Toronto
48.
Pechorro P, Hidalgo V, Nunes C, Jiménez L (2016) Confirmatory factor analysis of the antisocial process screening device: self-report among incarcerated male juvenile offenders. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 60:1856–1872CrossRefPubMed
49.
van Baardewijk Y, Andershed H, Stegge H, Nilsson K, Scholte E, Vermeiren R (2010) Development and tests of short versions of the youth psychopathic traits inventory and the youth psychopathic traits inventory-child version. Eur J Psychol Assess 26:122–128CrossRef
50.
Andershed H, Kerr M, Stattin H, Levander S (2002) Psychopathic traits in non-referred youths: initial test of a new assessment tool. In: Blaauw E, Sheridan L (eds) Psychopaths: current international perspectives. Elsevier, Haag, NL, pp 131–158
51.
Cooke D, Michie C (2001) Refining the construct of psychopathy: towards a hierarchical model. Psychol Assess 13:171–188CrossRefPubMed
52.
Pechorro P, Andershed H, Ray J, Maroco J, Gonçalves R (2015) Validation of the youth psychopathic traits inventory and youth psychopathic traits inventory-short among incarcerated juvenile delinquents. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 37:576–586CrossRef
53.
Essau CA, Sasagawa S, Frick PJ (2006) Callous-unemotional traits in a community sample of adolescents. Assessment 13:454–469CrossRefPubMed
54.
Kimonis ER, Frick PJ, Skeem JL, Marsee MA, Cruise K, Munoz LC et al (2008) Assessing callous–unemotional traits in adolescent offenders: validation of the inventory of callous–unemotional Traits. Int J Law Psychiatr 31:241–252CrossRef
55.
Pechorro P, Ray J, Barroso R, Maroco J, Gonçalves R (2016) Validation of the Inventory of callous-unemotional traits among a Portuguese sample of detained juvenile offenders. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 60:349–365CrossRefPubMed
56.
Pechorro P, Hawes S, Gonçalves R, Ray J (2017) Psychometric properties of the inventory of callous-unemotional traits short version (ICU-12) among detained female juvenile offenders and community youths. Psychol Crime Law 23:221–239CrossRef
57.
La Greca A, Lopez N (1998) Social anxiety among adolescents: linkages with peer relations and friendships. J Abnorm Child Psychol 26:83–94CrossRefPubMed
58.
Pechorro P, Ayala-Nunes L, Nunes C, Maroco J, Gonçalves R (2016) The social anxiety scale for adolescents: measurement invariance and psychometric properties among a school sample of Portuguese youths. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 47:975–984CrossRefPubMed
59.
Jolliffe D, Farrington D (2006) Development and validation of the basic empathy scale. J Adolesc 29:589–611CrossRefPubMed
60.
Pechorro P, Ray J, Salas-Wright C, Maroco J, Gonçalves RA (2015) Adaptation of the basic empathy scale among a Portuguese sample of incarcerated juvenile offenders. Psychol Crime Law 21:699–714CrossRef
61.
Rosenberg M (1989) Society and the adolescent self-image, Rev. edn. Wesleyan University Press, Middletown
62.
Pechorro P, Marôco J, Poiares C, Vieira R (2011) Validação da Escala de Auto-Estima de Rosenberg com adolescentes portugueses em contexto forense e escolar [Validation of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale with Portuguese adolescents in forensic and school contexts]. Arquivos de Medicina 25:174–179
63.
Skilling T, Quinsey V, Craig W (2001) Evidence of a taxon underlying serious antisocial behavior in boys. Crim Justice Behav 28:450–470CrossRef
64.
IBM Corp (2017) IBM SPSS statistics for windows (version 25). IBM, Armonk
65.
Bentler P, Wu E (2015) Supplement to EQS 6.3 for Windows user’s guide. Multivariate Software, Inc, Temple City
66.
Maroco J (2014) Análise de Equações Estruturais: Fundamentos teóricos, software & aplicações [Structural equations analysis: Theoretical foundations, software and applications]. ReportNumber Ltd, Pero Pinheiro
67.
West S, Taylor A, Wu W (2012) Model fit and model selection in structural equation modeling. In: Hoyle R (ed) Handbook of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press, New York, pp 209–231
68.
Byrne B (2006) Structural equation modeling with EQS: basic concepts, applications, and programming. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah
69.
Cheung GW, Rensvold RB (2002) Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Struct Equ Model 9:233–255CrossRef
70.
Millsap R, Olivera-Aguilar M (2012) Investigating measurement invariance using confirmatory factor analysis. In: Hoyle R (ed) Handbook of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press, New York, pp 380–392
71.
Bryant F, Satorra A (2012) Principles and practice of scaled difference chi-square testing. Struct Equ Model 19:372–398CrossRef
72.
Leech N, Barrett K, Morgan G (2015) IBM SPSS for intermediate statistics: use and interpretation, 5th edn. LEA, New York
73.
Clark L, Watson D (1995) Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychol Assess 7:309–319CrossRef
74.
Nunnally J, Bernstein I (1994) Psychometric theory, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York
75.
Revelle W, Zinbarg R (2009) Coefficients Alpha, Beta, Omega, and the GLB: comments on Sijtsma. Psychometrika 74:145–154CrossRef
76.
American Educational Research Association (AERA), American Psychological Association (APA), National Council for Measurement in Education (NCME) (2014) Standards for educational and psychological testing. AERA, Washington
77.
Kaplan R, Saccuzzo D (2013) Psychological testing: principles, applications, and issues, 8th edn. Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Belmont
78.
Vachon D, Lynam D, Johnson J (2014) The (non)relation between empathy and aggression: surprising results from a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 140:751–773CrossRefPubMed
79.
American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. APA, WashingtonCrossRef
80.
Tucker C, Van Gundy K, Wiesen-Martin D, Sharp E, Rebellon C, Stracuzzi N (2015) Proactive and reactive sibling aggression and adjustment in adolescence. J Interpers Violence 30:965–987CrossRefPubMed
81.
82.
Voulgaridou I, Kokkinos C (2015) Relational aggression in adolescents: a review of theoretical and empirical research. Aggress Violent Behav 23:87–97CrossRef
83.
Walker H, Ramsey E, Gresham F (2004) Antisocial behavior in school: evidence based practices, 2nd edn. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont
Metagegevens
Titel
The Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire: Measurement Invariance and Reliability Among a School Sample of Portuguese Youths
Auteurs
Pedro Pechorro
Lara Ayala-Nunes
Rachel Kahn
Cristina Nunes
Publicatiedatum
17-11-2017
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 4/2018
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-017-0772-6

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2018

Child Psychiatry & Human Development 4/2018 Naar de uitgave

Original Article

Predictors of Partial Hospital Readmission for Young Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Original Article

Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Children and Adolescents in Central Kenya

Original Article

Paternal Anxiety in Relation to Toddler Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Maternal Behavior

Original Article

Psychopharmacology Utilization Among Children with Anxiety and Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders Following Hurricane Katrina

Original Article

Should Clinicians Split or Lump Psychiatric Symptoms? The Structure of Psychopathology in Two Large Pediatric Clinical Samples from England and Norway

Original Article

A Preliminary Examination of the Link Between Maternal Experiential Avoidance and Parental Accommodation in Anxious and Non-anxious Children