Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development 1/2012

01-02-2012 | Original Article

Emotion Regulation and Aggressive Behavior in Preschoolers: The Mediating Role of Social Information Processing

Auteurs: Johanna Helmsen, Ute Koglin, Franz Petermann

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 1/2012

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

This study examined whether the relation between maladaptive emotion regulation and aggression was mediated by deviant social information processing (SIP). Participants were 193 preschool children. Emotion regulation and aggression were rated by teachers. Deviant SIP (i.e., attribution of hostile intent, aggressive response generation, aggressive response evaluation and decision) was measured from children’s responses to hypothetical social conflicts. Findings revealed that the relation between maladaptive emotion regulation and aggression was direct and not mediated by SIP biases (i.e., aggressive response generation, aggressive response evaluation and decision). Results are discussed from a theoretical and methodological perspective.
Literatuur
1.
go back to reference Furniss T, Beyer T, Guggenmos J (2006) Prevalence of behavioural and emotional problems among six-years-old preschool children. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 41:394–399PubMedCrossRef Furniss T, Beyer T, Guggenmos J (2006) Prevalence of behavioural and emotional problems among six-years-old preschool children. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 41:394–399PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Petermann F, Helmsen J, Koglin U (2010) Expansive Verhaltensstörungen [Disruptive disorders]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 158:22–27CrossRef Petermann F, Helmsen J, Koglin U (2010) Expansive Verhaltensstörungen [Disruptive disorders]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 158:22–27CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Ridder EM (2005) Show me the child at seven: the consequences of conduct problems in childhood for psychosocial functioning in adulthood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 46:837–849PubMedCrossRef Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Ridder EM (2005) Show me the child at seven: the consequences of conduct problems in childhood for psychosocial functioning in adulthood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 46:837–849PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Kim-Cohen J, Arseneault L, Caspi A, Polo Tomás M, Taylor A, Moffitt TE (2005) Validity of DSM-IV conduct disorder in 4, 5–5 year-old children: a longitudinal epidemiology study. Am J Psychiat 162:1108–1117PubMedCrossRef Kim-Cohen J, Arseneault L, Caspi A, Polo Tomás M, Taylor A, Moffitt TE (2005) Validity of DSM-IV conduct disorder in 4, 5–5 year-old children: a longitudinal epidemiology study. Am J Psychiat 162:1108–1117PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Dodge KA, Coie JD, Lynam D (2006) Aggression and antisocial behavior. In: Damon W, Lerner R, Eisenberg N (eds) Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development. Wiley, New York, pp 719–788 Dodge KA, Coie JD, Lynam D (2006) Aggression and antisocial behavior. In: Damon W, Lerner R, Eisenberg N (eds) Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development. Wiley, New York, pp 719–788
6.
go back to reference Crick NR, Grotpeter JK (1995) Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Dev 66:710–722PubMedCrossRef Crick NR, Grotpeter JK (1995) Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Dev 66:710–722PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Crick NR, Casas JF, Mosher M (1997) Relational and overt aggression in preschool. Dev Psychol 33:579–588PubMedCrossRef Crick NR, Casas JF, Mosher M (1997) Relational and overt aggression in preschool. Dev Psychol 33:579–588PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Crick NR, Dodge KA (1994) A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment. Psychol Bulletin 115:74–101CrossRef Crick NR, Dodge KA (1994) A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment. Psychol Bulletin 115:74–101CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Lemerise EA, Arsenio WF (2000) An integrated model of emotion processes and cognition in social information processing. Child Dev 71:107–118PubMedCrossRef Lemerise EA, Arsenio WF (2000) An integrated model of emotion processes and cognition in social information processing. Child Dev 71:107–118PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Eisenberg N, Spinrad TL (2004) Emotion-related regulation: sharpening the definition. Child Dev 75:334–339PubMedCrossRef Eisenberg N, Spinrad TL (2004) Emotion-related regulation: sharpening the definition. Child Dev 75:334–339PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Thompson RA (1994) Emotion regulation: a theme in search of definition. In: Fox NA (ed) The development of emotion regulation: biological and behavioral considerations. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 59:25–52 Thompson RA (1994) Emotion regulation: a theme in search of definition. In: Fox NA (ed) The development of emotion regulation: biological and behavioral considerations. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 59:25–52
12.
go back to reference Baron RM, Kenny DA (1986) The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol 51:1173–1182PubMedCrossRef Baron RM, Kenny DA (1986) The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol 51:1173–1182PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Kopp CB (1989) Regulation of distress and negative emotions: a developmental view. Dev Psychol 25:343–354CrossRef Kopp CB (1989) Regulation of distress and negative emotions: a developmental view. Dev Psychol 25:343–354CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Cole PM, Hall SE (2008) Emotion dysregulation as a risk factor for psychopathology. In: Beauchaine TP, Hinshaw SP (eds) Child and adolescent psychopathology. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, pp 265–298 Cole PM, Hall SE (2008) Emotion dysregulation as a risk factor for psychopathology. In: Beauchaine TP, Hinshaw SP (eds) Child and adolescent psychopathology. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, pp 265–298
15.
go back to reference Eisenberg N, Spinrad TL, Fabes RA, Reiser M, Cumberland A, Shepard SA et al (2004) The relations of effortful control and impulsivity to children’s resiliency and adjustment. Child Dev 75:25–46PubMedCrossRef Eisenberg N, Spinrad TL, Fabes RA, Reiser M, Cumberland A, Shepard SA et al (2004) The relations of effortful control and impulsivity to children’s resiliency and adjustment. Child Dev 75:25–46PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Koglin U, Petermann F (2004) Das Konzept der Inhibition in der Psychopathologie [The concept of inhibition in psychopathology]. Z Klin Psychol Psychiatr Psychother 52:91–117 Koglin U, Petermann F (2004) Das Konzept der Inhibition in der Psychopathologie [The concept of inhibition in psychopathology]. Z Klin Psychol Psychiatr Psychother 52:91–117
17.
go back to reference Liew J, Eisenberg N, Reiser M (2004) Preschoolers’ effortful control and negative emotionality, immediate reactions to disappointment, and quality of social functioning. J Exp Child Psychol 89:298–319PubMedCrossRef Liew J, Eisenberg N, Reiser M (2004) Preschoolers’ effortful control and negative emotionality, immediate reactions to disappointment, and quality of social functioning. J Exp Child Psychol 89:298–319PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Rydell AM, Berlin L, Bohlin G (2003) Emotionality, emotion regulation, and adaptation among 5- to 8-year-old children. Emotion 3:30–47PubMedCrossRef Rydell AM, Berlin L, Bohlin G (2003) Emotionality, emotion regulation, and adaptation among 5- to 8-year-old children. Emotion 3:30–47PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Gilliom M, Shaw DS, Beck JE, Schonberg MA, Lukon JL (2002) Anger regulation in disadvantaged preschool boys: strategies, antecedents, and the development of self-control. Dev Psychol 38:222–235PubMedCrossRef Gilliom M, Shaw DS, Beck JE, Schonberg MA, Lukon JL (2002) Anger regulation in disadvantaged preschool boys: strategies, antecedents, and the development of self-control. Dev Psychol 38:222–235PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Gouze KR (1987) Attention and social problem solving as correlates of aggression in preschool males. J Abnorm Child Psych 15:181–197CrossRef Gouze KR (1987) Attention and social problem solving as correlates of aggression in preschool males. J Abnorm Child Psych 15:181–197CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Orobio de Castro B, Veerman JW, Koops W, Bosch JD, Monshouwer HJ (2002) Hostile attribution of intent and aggressive behavior: a meta-analysis. Child Dev 73:916–934PubMedCrossRef Orobio de Castro B, Veerman JW, Koops W, Bosch JD, Monshouwer HJ (2002) Hostile attribution of intent and aggressive behavior: a meta-analysis. Child Dev 73:916–934PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Runions KC, Keating DP (2007) Young children’s social information processing: family antecedents and behavioral correlates. Dev Psychol 43:838–849PubMedCrossRef Runions KC, Keating DP (2007) Young children’s social information processing: family antecedents and behavioral correlates. Dev Psychol 43:838–849PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Coy K, Speltz ML, DeKlyen M, Jones K (2001) Social-cognitive processes in preschool boys with and without oppositional defiant disorder. J Abnorm Child Psych 29:107–119CrossRef Coy K, Speltz ML, DeKlyen M, Jones K (2001) Social-cognitive processes in preschool boys with and without oppositional defiant disorder. J Abnorm Child Psych 29:107–119CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Green VA, Cillessen AHN, Rechis R, Patterson MM, Hughes JM (2008) Social problem solving and strategy use in young children. J Genet Psychol 169:92–112PubMedCrossRef Green VA, Cillessen AHN, Rechis R, Patterson MM, Hughes JM (2008) Social problem solving and strategy use in young children. J Genet Psychol 169:92–112PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Lerner JS, Keltner D (2000) Beyond valence: toward a model of emotion-specific influences on judgement and choice. Cogn Emot 14:473–493CrossRef Lerner JS, Keltner D (2000) Beyond valence: toward a model of emotion-specific influences on judgement and choice. Cogn Emot 14:473–493CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Tittmann M, Rudolph U (2007) Aggressives Verhalten und soziometrischer Status bei Kindern im Vorschulalter. Verantwortlichkeitszuschreibungen und Emotionen bei Kindern (SAVE) [Aggressive behavior and sociometric status of preschool children: validation of an exercise to ascertain attribution of responsibility and emotion in children (SAVE)]. Z Entwickl Paedagogis 39:177–186CrossRef Tittmann M, Rudolph U (2007) Aggressives Verhalten und soziometrischer Status bei Kindern im Vorschulalter. Verantwortlichkeitszuschreibungen und Emotionen bei Kindern (SAVE) [Aggressive behavior and sociometric status of preschool children: validation of an exercise to ascertain attribution of responsibility and emotion in children (SAVE)]. Z Entwickl Paedagogis 39:177–186CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Denham SA, Bouril B, Belouad F (1994) Preschoolers’ affect and cognition about challenging peer situations. Child Study J 24:1–21 Denham SA, Bouril B, Belouad F (1994) Preschoolers’ affect and cognition about challenging peer situations. Child Study J 24:1–21
28.
go back to reference Orobio de Castro B, Merk W, Koops W, Veerman JW, Bosch JD (2005) Emotions in social information processing and their relations with reactive and proactive aggression in referred aggressive boys. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 34:105–116CrossRef Orobio de Castro B, Merk W, Koops W, Veerman JW, Bosch JD (2005) Emotions in social information processing and their relations with reactive and proactive aggression in referred aggressive boys. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 34:105–116CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Van Nieuwenhuijzen M, Orobio de Castro B, van Aken MAG, Matthys W (2009) Impulse control and aggressive response generation as predictors of aggressive behaviour in children with mild intellectual disabilities and borderline intelligence. J Intellect Disabil Res 53:233–242PubMedCrossRef Van Nieuwenhuijzen M, Orobio de Castro B, van Aken MAG, Matthys W (2009) Impulse control and aggressive response generation as predictors of aggressive behaviour in children with mild intellectual disabilities and borderline intelligence. J Intellect Disabil Res 53:233–242PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Musher-Eizenman DR, Boxer P, Danner S, Dubow EF, Goldstein SE, Heretick DML (2004) Social-cognitive mediators of the regulation of environmental and emotion regulation factors to children’s aggression. Aggressive Behav 30:389–408CrossRef Musher-Eizenman DR, Boxer P, Danner S, Dubow EF, Goldstein SE, Heretick DML (2004) Social-cognitive mediators of the regulation of environmental and emotion regulation factors to children’s aggression. Aggressive Behav 30:389–408CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Crozier JC, Dodge KA, Fontaine RG, Lansford JE, Bates JE, Pettit GS et al (2008) Social information processing and cardiac predictors of adolescent antisocial behavior. J Abnorm Psychol 117:253–267PubMedCrossRef Crozier JC, Dodge KA, Fontaine RG, Lansford JE, Bates JE, Pettit GS et al (2008) Social information processing and cardiac predictors of adolescent antisocial behavior. J Abnorm Psychol 117:253–267PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Juliano M, Werner R, Wright Cassidy K (2006) Early correlates of preschool aggressive behavior according to type of aggression and measurement. J Appl Dev Psychol 27:395–410CrossRef Juliano M, Werner R, Wright Cassidy K (2006) Early correlates of preschool aggressive behavior according to type of aggression and measurement. J Appl Dev Psychol 27:395–410CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Ostrov JM, Keating CF (2004) Gender differences in preschool aggression during free play and structured interactions: an overservational study. Soc Dev 13:255–277CrossRef Ostrov JM, Keating CF (2004) Gender differences in preschool aggression during free play and structured interactions: an overservational study. Soc Dev 13:255–277CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Wellman HM, Cross D, Watson J (2001) Meta-analysis of theory-of-mind development: the truth about false belief. Child Dev 72:655–684PubMedCrossRef Wellman HM, Cross D, Watson J (2001) Meta-analysis of theory-of-mind development: the truth about false belief. Child Dev 72:655–684PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Statistisches Bundesamt (2009) Bevölkerung und Erwerbstätigkeit: Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund. Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2007 [Population and employment: population with a migration background. Results of the micro census 2007]. Wiesbaden Statistisches Bundesamt (2009) Bevölkerung und Erwerbstätigkeit: Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund. Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2007 [Population and employment: population with a migration background. Results of the micro census 2007]. Wiesbaden
36.
go back to reference Putnam SP, Rothbart MK (2006) Development of short and very short forms of the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire. J Pers Assess 87:102–112PubMedCrossRef Putnam SP, Rothbart MK (2006) Development of short and very short forms of the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire. J Pers Assess 87:102–112PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Hagekull B, Bohlin G (2004) Predictors of middle childhood psychosomatic problems: an emotion regulation approach. Infant Child Dev 13:389–405CrossRef Hagekull B, Bohlin G (2004) Predictors of middle childhood psychosomatic problems: an emotion regulation approach. Infant Child Dev 13:389–405CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Petermann F, Koglin U, Natzke H, Marées N (2005) Kinderinterview zu sozialen Situationen [Child interview about social situations]. University Bremen, Bremen Unpublished manuscript Petermann F, Koglin U, Natzke H, Marées N (2005) Kinderinterview zu sozialen Situationen [Child interview about social situations]. University Bremen, Bremen Unpublished manuscript
39.
go back to reference Dodge KA, Lansford JE, Salzer Burks V, Bates JE, Pettit GS, Fontaine R et al (2003) Peer rejection and social information-processing factors in the development of aggressive behavior problems in children. Child Dev 74:374–393PubMedCrossRef Dodge KA, Lansford JE, Salzer Burks V, Bates JE, Pettit GS, Fontaine R et al (2003) Peer rejection and social information-processing factors in the development of aggressive behavior problems in children. Child Dev 74:374–393PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Harter S, Pike R (1984) The pictorial scale of perceived competence and social acceptance for young children. Child Dev 55:1969–1982PubMedCrossRef Harter S, Pike R (1984) The pictorial scale of perceived competence and social acceptance for young children. Child Dev 55:1969–1982PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Preacher KJ, Hayes AF (2004) SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behav Res Meth Ins C 36:717–731CrossRef Preacher KJ, Hayes AF (2004) SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behav Res Meth Ins C 36:717–731CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Kline RB (2005) Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed). Guilford Press, New York Kline RB (2005) Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed). Guilford Press, New York
43.
go back to reference Webster-Stratton C, Lindsay DW (1999) Social competence and conduct problems in young children: issues in assessment. J Clin Child Psychol 28:25–43PubMedCrossRef Webster-Stratton C, Lindsay DW (1999) Social competence and conduct problems in young children: issues in assessment. J Clin Child Psychol 28:25–43PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Costanzo PR, Dix TH (1983) Beyond the information processed: socialization in the development of attributional processes. In: Higgins ET, Ruble DN, Hartup WW (eds) Social cognition and social development: a sociocultural perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 63–81 Costanzo PR, Dix TH (1983) Beyond the information processed: socialization in the development of attributional processes. In: Higgins ET, Ruble DN, Hartup WW (eds) Social cognition and social development: a sociocultural perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 63–81
45.
go back to reference Fontaine RG, Dodge KA (2006) Real-time decision making and aggressive behavior in youth: a heuristic model of response evaluation and decision (RED). Aggressive Behav 32:604–624CrossRef Fontaine RG, Dodge KA (2006) Real-time decision making and aggressive behavior in youth: a heuristic model of response evaluation and decision (RED). Aggressive Behav 32:604–624CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Orobio de Castro B (2004) The development of social information processing and aggressive behaviour: current issues. Eur J Dev Psychol 1:87–102CrossRef Orobio de Castro B (2004) The development of social information processing and aggressive behaviour: current issues. Eur J Dev Psychol 1:87–102CrossRef
47.
48.
go back to reference Dodge KA, Somberg DR (1987) Hostile attributional biases among aggressive boys are exacerbated under conditions of threats to the self. Child Dev 58:213–224PubMedCrossRef Dodge KA, Somberg DR (1987) Hostile attributional biases among aggressive boys are exacerbated under conditions of threats to the self. Child Dev 58:213–224PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Koglin U, Petermann F (2006) Verhaltenstherapeutisches Förderprogramm im Kindergarten [Behavioral therapy program in kindergarten]. Verhaltenstherapie Kind Jugendl 2:87–95 Koglin U, Petermann F (2006) Verhaltenstherapeutisches Förderprogramm im Kindergarten [Behavioral therapy program in kindergarten]. Verhaltenstherapie Kind Jugendl 2:87–95
50.
go back to reference Webster-Stratton C, Reid MJ (2003) Treating conduct problems and strengthening social emotional competence in young children (ages 4–8 years): the Dina Dinosaur treatment program. J Emot Behav Disord 11:130–143CrossRef Webster-Stratton C, Reid MJ (2003) Treating conduct problems and strengthening social emotional competence in young children (ages 4–8 years): the Dina Dinosaur treatment program. J Emot Behav Disord 11:130–143CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Koglin U, Petermann F (2011) The effectiveness of the behavioural training for preschool children. Eur Early Child Educ Rs J 19:97–111CrossRef Koglin U, Petermann F (2011) The effectiveness of the behavioural training for preschool children. Eur Early Child Educ Rs J 19:97–111CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Webster-Stratton C, Reid MJ, Stoolmiller M (2008) Preventing conduct problems and improving school readiness: evaluation of the incredible years teacher and child training programs in high-risk schools. J Child Psychol Psyc 49:471–488CrossRef Webster-Stratton C, Reid MJ, Stoolmiller M (2008) Preventing conduct problems and improving school readiness: evaluation of the incredible years teacher and child training programs in high-risk schools. J Child Psychol Psyc 49:471–488CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Dodge KA, Laird R, Lochman JE, Zelli A (2002) Multidimensional latent-construct analysis of children’s social information processing patterns: correlations with aggressive behavior problems. Psychol Assessment 14:60–73CrossRef Dodge KA, Laird R, Lochman JE, Zelli A (2002) Multidimensional latent-construct analysis of children’s social information processing patterns: correlations with aggressive behavior problems. Psychol Assessment 14:60–73CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Lansford JE, Malone PS, Dodge KA, Crozier JC, Pettit GS, Bates JE (2006) A 12-year prospective study of patterns of social information processing problems and externalizing behaviors. J Abnorm Child Psych 34:715–724CrossRef Lansford JE, Malone PS, Dodge KA, Crozier JC, Pettit GS, Bates JE (2006) A 12-year prospective study of patterns of social information processing problems and externalizing behaviors. J Abnorm Child Psych 34:715–724CrossRef
55.
go back to reference Tremblay RE (2010) Developmental origins of disruptive behavior problems: the ‘original sin’ hypothesis, epigenetics and their consequences for prevention. J Child Psychol Psyc 51:341–367CrossRef Tremblay RE (2010) Developmental origins of disruptive behavior problems: the ‘original sin’ hypothesis, epigenetics and their consequences for prevention. J Child Psychol Psyc 51:341–367CrossRef
56.
go back to reference Crick NR, Grotpeter JK, Bigbee MA (2002) Relationally and physically aggressive children’s intent attributions and feelings of distress for relational and instrumental peer provocations. Child Dev 73:1134–1142PubMedCrossRef Crick NR, Grotpeter JK, Bigbee MA (2002) Relationally and physically aggressive children’s intent attributions and feelings of distress for relational and instrumental peer provocations. Child Dev 73:1134–1142PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Crick NR, Werner NE (1998) Response decision processes in relational and overt aggression. Child Dev 69:1630–1639PubMed Crick NR, Werner NE (1998) Response decision processes in relational and overt aggression. Child Dev 69:1630–1639PubMed
58.
go back to reference Petermann F, Kullik A (2011) Frühe Emotionsdysregulation: Ein Indikator für psychische Störungen im Kindesalter? [Early emotion dysregulation: an indicator for mental disorders in childhood?]. Kindh Entwickl 20:186–196 Petermann F, Kullik A (2011) Frühe Emotionsdysregulation: Ein Indikator für psychische Störungen im Kindesalter? [Early emotion dysregulation: an indicator for mental disorders in childhood?]. Kindh Entwickl 20:186–196
Metagegevens
Titel
Emotion Regulation and Aggressive Behavior in Preschoolers: The Mediating Role of Social Information Processing
Auteurs
Johanna Helmsen
Ute Koglin
Franz Petermann
Publicatiedatum
01-02-2012
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 1/2012
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-011-0252-3

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2012

Child Psychiatry & Human Development 1/2012 Naar de uitgave