Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development 3/2011

01-06-2011 | Original Article

Parental and Peer Predictors of Social Anxiety in Youth

Auteurs: Candice C. Festa, Golda S. Ginsburg

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 3/2011

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to extend etiological models of social anxiety in youth by examining the relative importance of parental (i.e., parental anxiety, rejection, and overcontrol) and peer factors (i.e., social acceptance, social support, and friendship quality). Sixty-three youth (ages 7–12; 52% male) and their parents participated in the study. Using multiple informants of these factors, results generally indicated that higher levels of parental anxiety, rejection, and overcontrol were related to higher levels of social anxiety. Higher levels of social support, acceptance, and validation were associated with lower levels social anxiety. The strongest predictors of social anxiety symptoms (as rated by an independent evaluator) were parental anxiety and friendship quality (i.e., validation from a peer). The strongest predictors of child rated social anxiety symptoms were parental overcontrol and perceived social acceptance. Findings are discussed in the context of current etiological models and suggest that interventions aimed at lowering social anxiety in youth address both parental anxiety and peer relationships.
Literatuur
1.
go back to reference Bernstein GA, Bernat DH, Davis AA, Layne AE (2008) Symptom presentation and classroom functioning in a nonclinical sample of children with social phobia. Depress Anxiety 25:742–760. doi:10.1002/da.2031 CrossRef Bernstein GA, Bernat DH, Davis AA, Layne AE (2008) Symptom presentation and classroom functioning in a nonclinical sample of children with social phobia. Depress Anxiety 25:742–760. doi:10.​1002/​da.​2031 CrossRef
2.
go back to reference DeWit DJ, MacDonald K, Offord DR (1999) Childhood stress and symptoms of drug dependence in adolescence and early adulthood: social phobia as a mediator. Am J Orthopsychiatry 69:61–72. doi:10.1037/h0080382 PubMedCrossRef DeWit DJ, MacDonald K, Offord DR (1999) Childhood stress and symptoms of drug dependence in adolescence and early adulthood: social phobia as a mediator. Am J Orthopsychiatry 69:61–72. doi:10.​1037/​h0080382 PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Grant BF, Hasin DS, Blanco C, Stinson FS, Chou SP, Goldstein RB et al (2005) The epidemiology of social anxiety disorder in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 66:1351–1361PubMedCrossRef Grant BF, Hasin DS, Blanco C, Stinson FS, Chou SP, Goldstein RB et al (2005) The epidemiology of social anxiety disorder in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 66:1351–1361PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE (2005) Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62:593–602PubMedCrossRef Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE (2005) Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62:593–602PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Hayward C, Killen JD, Kraemer HC, Taylor CB (1998) Linking self-reported childhood behavioral inhibition to adolescent social phobia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 37:1308–1316PubMedCrossRef Hayward C, Killen JD, Kraemer HC, Taylor CB (1998) Linking self-reported childhood behavioral inhibition to adolescent social phobia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 37:1308–1316PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Elizabeth J, King N, Ollendick TH, Gullone E, Tonge B, Watson S (2006) Social anxiety disorder in children and youth: a research update on aetiological factors. Couns Psychol Q 19:151–163. doi:10.1080/09515070600811790 CrossRef Elizabeth J, King N, Ollendick TH, Gullone E, Tonge B, Watson S (2006) Social anxiety disorder in children and youth: a research update on aetiological factors. Couns Psychol Q 19:151–163. doi:10.​1080/​0951507060081179​0 CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Eley TC, Gregory AM (2004) Behavioral Genetics. In: Morris TL, March JS (eds) Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, 2nd edn. Guilford Press, New York, pp 71–97 Eley TC, Gregory AM (2004) Behavioral Genetics. In: Morris TL, March JS (eds) Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, 2nd edn. Guilford Press, New York, pp 71–97
10.
go back to reference Kendler KS, Neale MC, Kessler RC, Heath AC, Eaves LJ (1993) Major depression and phobias: the genetic and environmental sources of comorbidity. Psychol Med 23:361–371PubMedCrossRef Kendler KS, Neale MC, Kessler RC, Heath AC, Eaves LJ (1993) Major depression and phobias: the genetic and environmental sources of comorbidity. Psychol Med 23:361–371PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Lieb R, Wittchen H-U, Hofler M, Fuetsch M, Martina S, Murray B, Merikangas KR (2000) Parental psychopathology, parenting styles, and the risk of social phobia in offspring: a prospective-longitudinal community study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57:859–866. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.9.85914 PubMedCrossRef Lieb R, Wittchen H-U, Hofler M, Fuetsch M, Martina S, Murray B, Merikangas KR (2000) Parental psychopathology, parenting styles, and the risk of social phobia in offspring: a prospective-longitudinal community study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57:859–866. doi:10.​1001/​archpsyc.​57.​9.​85914 PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Brook CA, Schmidt LA (2008) Social anxiety disorder: a review of environmental risk factors. Neuropsychiatric Dis Treat 4:123–143 Brook CA, Schmidt LA (2008) Social anxiety disorder: a review of environmental risk factors. Neuropsychiatric Dis Treat 4:123–143
15.
go back to reference Greco LA, Morris TL (2002) Paternal child-rearing style and child social anxiety: investigation of child perceptions and actual father behavior. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 24:259–267CrossRef Greco LA, Morris TL (2002) Paternal child-rearing style and child social anxiety: investigation of child perceptions and actual father behavior. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 24:259–267CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Leary MR, Kowalski RM (1995) The self-presentation model of social phobia. In: Heimberg R (ed) Social phobia: diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. Guilford Press, New York, pp 94–112 Leary MR, Kowalski RM (1995) The self-presentation model of social phobia. In: Heimberg R (ed) Social phobia: diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. Guilford Press, New York, pp 94–112
20.
go back to reference Ginsburg GS, La Greca AM, Silverman WK (1998) Social anxiety in children with anxiety disorders: relation with social and emotional functioning. J of Abnorm Child Psychol 26:175–185. doi:10.1023/A:1022668101048 CrossRef Ginsburg GS, La Greca AM, Silverman WK (1998) Social anxiety in children with anxiety disorders: relation with social and emotional functioning. J of Abnorm Child Psychol 26:175–185. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1022668101048 CrossRef
22.
go back to reference La Greca AM, Stone WL (1993) Social anxiety scale for children–revised: factor structure and concurrent validity. J Clin Child Psychol 22:17–27CrossRef La Greca AM, Stone WL (1993) Social anxiety scale for children–revised: factor structure and concurrent validity. J Clin Child Psychol 22:17–27CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Vernberg EM, Abewender DA, Ewell KK, Beery SH (1992) Social anxiety and peer relationships in early adolescence: a prospective analysis. J Clin Child Psychology 21:189–196CrossRef Vernberg EM, Abewender DA, Ewell KK, Beery SH (1992) Social anxiety and peer relationships in early adolescence: a prospective analysis. J Clin Child Psychology 21:189–196CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Beesdo K, Bittner A, Pine D, Stein MB, Hofler M, Lieb R, Wittchen H-U (2007) Incidence of social anxiety disorder and the consistent risk for secondary depression in the first three decades of life. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64:903–912. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.8.903 PubMedCrossRef Beesdo K, Bittner A, Pine D, Stein MB, Hofler M, Lieb R, Wittchen H-U (2007) Incidence of social anxiety disorder and the consistent risk for secondary depression in the first three decades of life. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64:903–912. doi:10.​1001/​archpsyc.​64.​8.​903 PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Silverman WK, Albano AM (1996) The anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV-child and parent versions. San Antonio, Graywind Publications, A division of the psychological corporation Silverman WK, Albano AM (1996) The anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV-child and parent versions. San Antonio, Graywind Publications, A division of the psychological corporation
35.
go back to reference Brown TA, DiNardo PA, Barlow DH (1994) Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV. Graywind Publications, New York Brown TA, DiNardo PA, Barlow DH (1994) Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV. Graywind Publications, New York
36.
37.
go back to reference Kendall PC, Flannery-Schroeder SM, Panichelli-Mindel SM, Southam-Gerow M, Henin A, Warman M (1997) Therapy for youths with anxiety disorders: a second randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 65:366–380PubMedCrossRef Kendall PC, Flannery-Schroeder SM, Panichelli-Mindel SM, Southam-Gerow M, Henin A, Warman M (1997) Therapy for youths with anxiety disorders: a second randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 65:366–380PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Spence SH, Donovan C, Brechman-Touissaint M (2000) The treatment of childhood social phobia: the effectiveness of a social skills training-based, cognitive-behavioural intervention, with and without parental involvement. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 41:713–726. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00659 PubMedCrossRef Spence SH, Donovan C, Brechman-Touissaint M (2000) The treatment of childhood social phobia: the effectiveness of a social skills training-based, cognitive-behavioural intervention, with and without parental involvement. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 41:713–726. doi:10.​1111/​1469-7610.​00659 PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Birmaher B, Brent DA, Chiappetta L, Bridge J, Monga S, Baugher M (1999) Psychometric properties of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): a replication study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38:1230–1236PubMedCrossRef Birmaher B, Brent DA, Chiappetta L, Bridge J, Monga S, Baugher M (1999) Psychometric properties of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): a replication study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38:1230–1236PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Birmaher B, Khetarpal S, Brent D, Cully M, Balach L, Kaufman J et al (1997) The screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): scale construction and psychometric properties. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:545–553PubMedCrossRef Birmaher B, Khetarpal S, Brent D, Cully M, Balach L, Kaufman J et al (1997) The screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): scale construction and psychometric properties. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:545–553PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Spielberger CD (1983) Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory STAI (Form Y). Mind Garden, Palo Alto Spielberger CD (1983) Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory STAI (Form Y). Mind Garden, Palo Alto
42.
go back to reference Muris P, Meesters C, von Brakel A (2003) Assessment of anxious rearing behaviors with a modified version of ‘Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran’ questionnaire for children. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 25:229–237. doi:10.1023/A:1025894928131 CrossRef Muris P, Meesters C, von Brakel A (2003) Assessment of anxious rearing behaviors with a modified version of ‘Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran’ questionnaire for children. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 25:229–237. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1025894928131 CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Castro J, Toro J, Van der Ende J, Arrindell WA (1993) Exploring the feasibility of assessing perceived parental rearing styles in Spanish children with the EMBU. Int J Soc Psychiatry 39:47–57. doi: 10.1177/002076409303900105 Castro J, Toro J, Van der Ende J, Arrindell WA (1993) Exploring the feasibility of assessing perceived parental rearing styles in Spanish children with the EMBU. Int J Soc Psychiatry 39:47–57. doi: 10.​1177/​0020764093039001​05
45.
go back to reference Ginsburg GS, Grover RL (2007) Coding manual for parent-child interactions. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Unpublished manuscript Ginsburg GS, Grover RL (2007) Coding manual for parent-child interactions. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Unpublished manuscript
46.
go back to reference Ginsburg GS, Grover RL, Ialongo N (2004) Parenting behaviors among anxious and non-anxious mothers: relation with concurrent and long-term child outcomes. Child Fam Behav Ther 26:23–41. doi:10.1300/J019v26n04_02 CrossRef Ginsburg GS, Grover RL, Ialongo N (2004) Parenting behaviors among anxious and non-anxious mothers: relation with concurrent and long-term child outcomes. Child Fam Behav Ther 26:23–41. doi:10.​1300/​J019v26n04_​02 CrossRef
47.
go back to reference Harter S (1985) Manual for the self-perception profile for children. University of Denver Harter S (1985) Manual for the self-perception profile for children. University of Denver
48.
go back to reference Harter S (1985) Manual for the social support scale for children. University of Denver Harter S (1985) Manual for the social support scale for children. University of Denver
49.
Metagegevens
Titel
Parental and Peer Predictors of Social Anxiety in Youth
Auteurs
Candice C. Festa
Golda S. Ginsburg
Publicatiedatum
01-06-2011
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 3/2011
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-011-0215-8

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2011

Child Psychiatry & Human Development 3/2011 Naar de uitgave