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Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review

Gepubliceerd in:

01-06-2013

Age at Adoption from Institutional Care as a Window into the Lasting Effects of Early Experiences

Auteur: Megan M. Julian

Gepubliceerd in: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review | Uitgave 2/2013

Abstract

One of the major questions of human development is how early experience impacts the course of development years later. Children adopted from institutional care experience varying levels of deprivation in their early life followed by qualitatively better care in an adoptive home, providing a unique opportunity to study the lasting effects of early deprivation and its timing. The effects of age at adoption from institutional care are discussed for multiple domains of social and behavioral development within the context of several prominent developmental hypotheses about the effects of early deprivation (cumulative effects, experience-expectant developmental programming, and experience-adaptive developmental programming). Age at adoption effects are detected in a majority of studies, particularly when children experienced global deprivation and were assessed in adolescence. For most outcomes, institutionalization beyond a certain age is associated with a step-like increase in risk for lasting social and behavioral problems, with the step occurring at an earlier age for children who experienced more severe levels of deprivation. Findings are discussed in terms of their concordance and discordance with our current hypotheses, and speculative explanations for the findings are offered.

volgende artikel The Relation Between Child Maltreatment and Adolescent Suicidal Behavior: A Systematic Review and Critical Examination of the Literature

These meta-analyses utilized an internationally adopted sample that was not exclusively institution-reared, but most studies included a majority of institution-reared children.

An additional meta-analysis (van den Dries et al. 2009) did not report whether participants were institution-reared, but will still be included in this review because the majority of component studies focused on institution-reared children.

Over half of the Chinese sample experienced an average of 8.4 months of foster care, so it is possible that this Chinese sample was less deprived than otherwise might be expected.

A strict understanding of sensitive periods suggests that sensitive periods lie at the level of circuits, not complex behaviors like those described here (Zeanah et al. 2011). While this discussion considers only complex behaviors, it is understood that multiple circuit-level sensitive periods underlie these behaviors.

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Titel: Age at Adoption from Institutional Care as a Window into the Lasting Effects of Early Experiences
Auteur: Megan M. Julian
Publicatiedatum: 01-06-2013
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review / Uitgave 2/2013
Print ISSN: 1096-4037
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2827
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-013-0130-6

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