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Parent–Adolescent Relationship Quality and Nondisclosure as Mediators of the Association Between Exposure to Community Violence and Psychological Distress

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Abstract

Background

African American youth residing in urban poverty have been shown to be at increased risk for exposure to violence and for psychological symptoms, but there has been little investigation of mediating processes that might explain this association.

Objectives

This study tested the quality of parent–adolescent relationships and adolescent nondisclosure to adults as mediating mechanisms through which exposure to community violence may lead to psychological symptoms.

Methods

The current study surveyed a sample of 152 low-income urban African American early adolescents (aged 12–14). Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing exposure to community violence, nondisclosure, parent–adolescent relationship, and psychological symptoms (i.e., internalizing and externalizing symptoms).

Results

Path analyses revealed that parent–adolescent relationship quality and nondisclosure both functioned as mediators of the relation between exposure to community violence and both internalizing and externalizing symptoms, though significant direct effects for violence exposure on externalizing symptoms remained. Decomposition of effects revealed that nondisclosure was a stronger mediator than parent–adolescent relationship quality. Results also indicated that exposure to violence can lead to externalizing (but not internalizing) symptoms first by way of parent–adolescent relationship quality and then nondisclosure.

Conclusions

Combined, these findings suggest that the development of preventive interventions designed to assist adults and parents improve communication and strengthen relationships with adolescents might reduce the negative effects of exposure to community violence on adolescent mental health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd. (M/C 747), Chicago, IL, 60608, USA

    Sonya Mathies Dinizulu

  2. De Paul University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Kathryn E. Grant, Donald Tyler & Jeanne M. McIntosh

  3. Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Fred B. Bryant

  4. Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

    Maya M. Boustani

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  1. Sonya Mathies Dinizulu
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Correspondence to Sonya Mathies Dinizulu.

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Dinizulu, S.M., Grant, K.E., Bryant, F.B. et al. Parent–Adolescent Relationship Quality and Nondisclosure as Mediators of the Association Between Exposure to Community Violence and Psychological Distress. Child Youth Care Forum 43, 41–61 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-013-9224-z

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