Abstract
Background
There are no studies of the distinct trajectories of children’s psychological distress over the first year after a destructive natural disaster and the determinants of these trajectories.
Objective
We examined these issues using an existing dataset of children exposed to Hurricane Andrew, one of the most devastating natural disasters in US history.
Methods
At 3-months postdisaster, 568 children (55 % girls; grades 3–5) residing in areas most directly affected by the hurricane completed measures of hurricane exposure and stressors, social support, coping, and general anxiety. Children also reported major life events occurring since the hurricane (at 7-months) and posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms at 3-, 7-, and 10-months postdisaster.
Results
Latent growth mixture modeling identified three trajectories of PTS reactions: resilient (37 %), recovering (43 %), and chronic distress (20 %). Predictors of the trajectories were examined. Odds ratios indicated that, compared to the resilient trajectory, girls were more likely to be in the recovering and chronically distressed trajectories, as were children reporting higher anxiety and greater use of coping strategies that reflected poor emotion regulation. Compared to the recovering trajectory, children in the chronically distressed trajectory had greater odds of reporting high anxiety, less social support, more intervening life events, and greater use of poor emotion regulation strategies.
Conclusions
Hurricane exposure may be less effective in identifying children who develop chronic postdisaster distress than other child (anxiety, coping) and contextual variables (social support, life events). Effective screening after disasters is critical for identifying youth most in need of limited clinical resources.
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Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge and thank the children who participated in the study and the Miami-Dade County Public Schools for their support. Funding from the BellSouth Foundation helped to support the project. The first author takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. In addition, the authors of this paper have no known conflicts of interest that would affect the findings.
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La Greca, A.M., Lai, B.S., Llabre, M.M. et al. Children’s Postdisaster Trajectories of PTS Symptoms: Predicting Chronic Distress. Child Youth Care Forum 42, 351–369 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-013-9206-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-013-9206-1