Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Community Adaptation of Youth Accessing Residential Programs or a Home-Based Alternative: School Attendance and Academic Functioning

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Child & Youth Care Forum Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Caregivers of 210 youth receiving residential treatment (RT) or intensive family services (IFS) in Ontario were interviewed about the long term community adaptation of youth after leaving these programs. School attendance and academic functioning data at admission, discharge, and 12–18 months post-discharge were analyzed to explore predictors of school status and serious school difficulties at follow up. Youth with increased delinquent behaviors at admission were almost four times more likely to not be in school at follow up. Increased delinquent behavior at discharge was predictive of serious school difficulties at follow up. Half of RT youth and one-third of IFS youth over 16 were not in school at follow up. Transitional supports that sustain school engagement after RT or IFS are critical to the successful community adaptation of youth with mental health needs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Asarnow, J. R., Aoki, W., & Elson, S. (1996). Children in residential treatment: A follow up study. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25(2), 209–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, T. L., Henggeler, S. W., Schoenwald, S. K., Brondino, M. J., & Pickrel, S. G. (1999). Multisystemic treatment of substance abusing and dependent juvenile delinquents: Effects on school attendance at post-treatment and 6-month follow-up. Children’s Services: Social Policy, Research, and Practice, 2(2), 81–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, G., DeBoer, C., Frensch, K. M., & Adams, G. R. (2003). Siege and response: Families’ everyday lives and experiences with children’s residential mental health services. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University, Partnerships for Children and Families Project.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cernkovich, S. A., & Giordano, P. G. (1992). School bonding, race, and delinquency. Criminology, 30, 261–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Children’s Mental Health Ontario. (2004). Toward a mental health policy for Ontario’s children and youth. Toronto, ON: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Children’s Mental Health Ontario. (2005). A summary of discussions regarding Ontario’s policy framework for child and youth mental health. Toronto, ON: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, H. B., & Davis, M. (2000). Transition to adulthood: A resource for assisting young people with emotional or behavioral difficulties. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, C. E., Pettingill, P., & Boyle, M. (2002). The brief child and family phone interview (BCFPI-3). Interviewers manual. Canadian Centre for the Study of Children at Risk.

  • Forness, S. R. (2004). Introduction: Characteristics of emotional and behavioral disorders. In R. B. Rutherford, M. M. Quinn, & S. R. Mathur (Eds.), Handbook of research in emotional and behavioral disorders (pp. 235–241). New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frensch, K. M., Cameron, G., Adams, G., & deBoer, C. (2007). Pathways to residential children’s mental health services: Parents’ perceptions of service availability and treatment outcomes. In G. Cameron, N. Coady, & G. Adams (Eds.), Moving toward positive systems of child and family welfare: Current issues and future directions (pp. 321–346). Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furlong, M. J., Morrison, G. M., & Jimerson, S. R. (2004). Externalizing behaviors of aggression and violence and the school context. In R. B. Rutherford, M. M. Quinn, & S. R. Mathur (Eds.), Handbook of research in emotional and behavioral disorders (pp. 243–261). New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenbaum, P. E., Dedrick, R. F., Friedman, R. M., Kutash, K., Brown, E. C., Lardieri, S. P., et al. (1996). National adolescent and child treatment study (NACTS): Outcomes for children with serious emotional and behavioral disturbance. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 4, 130–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunter, P. L., Denny, K., & Venn, M. L. (2000). Modification of instructional materials and procedures for curricular success of students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Preventing School Failure, 44(3), 116–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henggeler, S. W. (2003). Advantages and disadvantages of multisystemic therapy and other evidence-based practices for treating juvenile offenders. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 3(4), 53–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henggeler, S. W., Rowland, M. D., Randall, J., Ward, D. M., Cunningham, P. B., et al. (1999). Home-based multisystemic therapy as an alternative to the hospitalization of youths in psychiatric crisis: Clinical outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(11), 1331–1339.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, K. (2000). Child and adolescent functioning assessment scales (2nd rev.). Ypsilanti: Eastern Michigan University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, K., Doucette-Gates, A., & Kim, C. (2000). Predicting service utilization with the child and adolescent functional assessment scale in a sample of youths with serious emotional disturbance served by center for mental health services-funded demonstrations. Journal of Behavioral Health Services Research, 27(1), 47–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, K., & Kim, C. (2000). Psychometric study of the CAFAS: Prediction of contact with the law and poor school attendance. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28(3), 287–297.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, K., & Wong, M. M. (1996). Psychometric characteristics of a multidimensional measure to assess impairment: The child and adolescent functional assessment scale. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 5(4), 445–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huey, S. J., Henggeler, S. W., Rowland, M. D., Halliday-Boykins, C. A., Cunningham, P. B., et al. (2004). Multisystemic therapy effects on attempted suicide by youths presenting psychiatric emergencies. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 183–190.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kamps, D., Kravits, T., Rauch, D., Kamps, J., & Chung, N. (2000). A prevention program for students with or at risk for ED: Moderating effects of variation in treatment and classroom structure. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 8(3), 141–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knitzer, J. (1982). Unclaimed children: The failure of public responsibility to children and adolescents in need of mental health services. Washington, D.C.: Children’s Defense Fund.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kronick, R. F. (2005). Full service community schools: Prevention of delinquency in students with mental illness and/or poverty. Springfield, Il: Charles C. Thomas Publisher LTD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, C. M. (2000). Educating students with emotional and behavioral disabilities in the 21st century: Looking through windows, opening doors. Education and Treatment of Children, 23(3), 204–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Preyde, M., Adams, G., Cameron, G., & Frensch, K. M. (2009). Outcomes of children participating in mental health residential and intensive family services: Preliminary findings. Residential Treatment for Children and Youth, 26(1), 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Redden, S. C., Forness, S. R., Ramey, S. L., Ramey, C. T., & Brezausek, C. M. (2002). Mental health and special education outcomes of Head Start children followed into elementary school. National Head Start Association dialogue: A research-to-practice journal for the early intervention field, 6, 87–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowland, M. D., Halliday-Boykins, C. A., Henggeler, S. W., Cunningham, P. B., Lee, T. G., et al. (2005). A randomized trial of multisystemic therapy with Hawaii’s Felix class youths. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 13(1), 13–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SickKids. (2006). Ontario’s children with mental health needs 2006 report. Toronto, ON: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Canada. (2001). Average earnings of the population 15 years and over by highest level of schooling, by province and territory (2001 Census). Retrieved July 24, 2008 from http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/labor50b.htm.

  • Sunseri, P. A. (2004). Family functioning and residential treatment outcomes. Residential Treatment for Children and Youth, 22(1), 33–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tobin, T., & Sprague, J. (2000). Alternative education strategies: Reducing violence in schools and the community. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 8(3), 177–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Public Health Service. (2000). Report of the surgeon general’s conference on children’s mental health: A national action agenda. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vander Stoep, A., Weiss, N. S., Kuo, E. S., Cheney, D., & Cohen, P. (2003). What proportion of failure to complete secondary school in the U.S. population is attributable to adolescent psychiatric disorder? Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 30(1), 119–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, M. (2005). Characteristics of out-of-school youth. In M. Wagner, L. Newman, R. Cameto, N. Garza, & P. Levine (Eds.), After high school: A first look at the postschool experiences of youth with disabilities (pp. 21–28). Menlo Park, CA: SRI International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, M., & Davis, M. (2006). How are we preparing students with emotional disturbances for the transition to young adulthood? Findings from the national longitudinal transition study-2. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 14(2), 86–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, M., Marder, C., Blackorby, J., Cameto, R., Newman, L., Levine, P., et al. (2003). The achievements of youth with disabilities during secondary school. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, K., & Whittington, D. (1993). Characteristics of youths referred to residential treatment: Implications for program design. Children and Youth Services Review, 15(3), 195–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karen Frensch.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Frensch, K., Cameron, G. & Preyde, M. Community Adaptation of Youth Accessing Residential Programs or a Home-Based Alternative: School Attendance and Academic Functioning. Child Youth Care Forum 38, 287–303 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-009-9083-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-009-9083-9

Keywords

Navigation