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Peer Victimization and Adolescent Suicide: The Mediating Effect of Risk Behaviors

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Abstract

This study explored the impact of three risk behaviors (risky sexual behaviors, aggression, and substance use) on the peer victimization–suicide relationship. A hypothesized model was developed using an integrated conceptual model based on social cognitive theory and escape theory of suicide. This model was then tested using structural equation modeling. The participants were 7,656 males (49.8 %) and 7,708 females (50.2 %) from the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey ranged in age from 12 years or less to over 18 years (mean = 16.1 years, SD = 1.24). Results demonstrated that peer victimization has a significant direct effect on suicidal behavior. Aggression, and substance use, but not risky sexual behavior, mediated the risk of suicide. Also, substance use has a significant direct effect on aggression that affects suicidal behavior. Findings were discussed within the context of the empirical and theoretical review and implications for social work practice were considered.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, 327 DeSaussure, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA

    Sung Seek Moon & Alexis Karlson

  2. School of Social Work, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA

    Yi Jin Kim

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  1. Sung Seek Moon
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  2. Alexis Karlson
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Correspondence to Sung Seek Moon.

Appendix: Summary of Construct Items Using 2011 YRBS

Appendix: Summary of Construct Items Using 2011 YRBS

Peer Victimization

Questions Pertain to Being a Target of Overt, Peer Aggression (3 Items)

  1. 1.

    (Q15): During the past 30 days, on how many days did you not go to school because you felt you would be unsafe at school or on your way to school?

  2. 2.

    (Q16): During the past 12 months, how many times has someone threatened or injured you with a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on school property?

  3. 3.

    (Q22): During the past 12 months, have you ever been bullied on school property?

Risky Sexual Behavior

Questions Pertain to Engaging in Sexual Intercourse (6 Items)

  1. 1.

    (Q61) How old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the first time?

  2. 2.

    (Q62) During your life, with how many people have you had sexual intercourse?

  3. 3.

    (Q63) During the past 3 months, with how many people did you have sexual intercourse?

  4. 4.

    (Q64) “Did you drink alcohol or use drugs before you had sexual intercourse the last time?

  5. 5.

    (Q65) The last time you had sexual intercourse, did you or your partner use a condom?

  6. 6.

    (Q66) The last time you had sexual intercourse, what one method did you or your partner use to prevent pregnancy?

Aggression

Questions Pertain to Threats and Acts of Aggression (4 Items)

  1. 1.

    (Q14) During the past 30 days, on how many days did you carry a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on school property?

  2. 2.

    (Q17) During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight?

  3. 3.

    (Q18) During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight in which you were injured and had to be treated by a doctor or nurse?

  4. 4.

    (Q19) During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight on school property?

Substance Use

Questions Pertain to Using Legal and Illegal Substances (4 Items)

  1. 1.

    (Q31) During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes?

  2. 2.

    (Q42) During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have at least one drink of alcohol?

  3. 3.

    (Q48) During the past 30 days, how many times did you smoke marijuana?

  4. 4.

    (Q57) During your life, how many times have you taken a prescription drug (such as OxyContin, Percocet, Vicodin, Adderall, Ritalin, or Xanax) without a doctor’s prescription?

Suicidal Behaviors

Questions Pertain to Considering and Making a Plan for Suicide (4 Items)

  1. 1.

    (Q25) During the past 12 months did you ever seriously consider attempting suicide?

  2. 2.

    (Q26) During the past 12 months did you make a plan about how you would attempt suicide?

  3. 3.

    (Q27) During the past 12 months, how many times did you actually attempt suicide?

  4. 4.

    (Q28) If you attempted suicide during the past 12 months, did any attempt result in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse?

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Moon, S.S., Karlson, A. & Kim, Y.J. Peer Victimization and Adolescent Suicide: The Mediating Effect of Risk Behaviors. Child Adolesc Soc Work J 32, 257–268 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-014-0365-1

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