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Identifying and Quantifying Multisensory Integration: A Tutorial Review

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Abstract

We process information from the world through multiple senses, and the brain must decide what information belongs together and what information should be segregated. One challenge in studying such multisensory integration is how to quantify the multisensory interactions, a challenge that is amplified by the host of methods that are now used to measure neural, behavioral, and perceptual responses. Many of the measures that have been developed to quantify multisensory integration (and which have been derived from single unit analyses), have been applied to these different measures without much consideration for the nature of the process being studied. Here, we provide a review focused on the means with which experimenters quantify multisensory processes and integration across a range of commonly used experimental methodologies. We emphasize the most commonly employed measures, including single- and multiunit responses, local field potentials, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalography, along with behavioral measures of detection, accuracy, and response times. In each section, we will discuss the different metrics commonly used to quantify multisensory interactions, including the rationale for their use, their advantages, and the drawbacks and caveats associated with them. Also discussed are possible alternatives to the most commonly used metrics.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for this work was provided by a Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship, It’s only a matter of time: Neural networks underlying multisensory perceptual binding, National Institutes of Health grant F32 DC011993, Multisensory Integration and Temporal Processing in ASD, a grant from the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, VICTR VR5807.1, Development and Modulation of Multisensory Integration, National Institutes of Health grant R34 DC010927, Evaluation of Sensory Integration Treatment in ASD, National Institutes of Health grant 5T32 MH018921-24, From Brain and Behavioral Science to Intervention, a Vanderbilt Kennedy Center MARI/Hobbs Award, the Vanderbilt Brain Institute, the Vanderbilt University Kennedy Center, the Idaho IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence, and National Institutes of Health grants P20 RR016454 and P20 GM103408.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Ryan A. Stevenson

  2. Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA

    Ryan A. Stevenson, Diana K. Sarko, Aaron R. Nidiffer & Mark T. Wallace

  3. Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, USA

    Ryan A. Stevenson, Juliane Krueger Fister, LeAnne R. Kurela, Justin K. Siemann & Mark T. Wallace

  4. Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN, USA

    Ryan A. Stevenson, Justin K. Siemann & Mark T. Wallace

  5. Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

    Dipanwita Ghose & Mark T. Wallace

  6. Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA

    Juliane Krueger Fister, LeAnne R. Kurela & Justin K. Siemann

  7. Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Spartanburg, SC, USA

    Diana K. Sarko

  8. Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA

    Nicholas A. Altieri

  9. Silvio O. Conte Center for Neuroscience Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA

    Justin K. Siemann

  10. Clinical Neuroscience Scholars Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA

    Juliane Krueger Fister, LeAnne R. Kurela & Justin K. Siemann

  11. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA

    Thomas W. James

  12. Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

    Mark T. Wallace

  13. Rm 523, Sidney Smith Bldg, 100 Saint George St., Toronto, ON, Canada

    Ryan A. Stevenson

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  1. Ryan A. Stevenson
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Correspondence to Ryan A. Stevenson.

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Stevenson, R.A., Ghose, D., Fister, J.K. et al. Identifying and Quantifying Multisensory Integration: A Tutorial Review. Brain Topogr 27, 707–730 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-014-0365-7

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