Skip to main content
Log in

Affect and Sexual Behavior in the Transition to University

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Archives of Sexual Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This research applied a lifespan developmental framework to the study of sexual behavior among late adolescents by examining monthly covariations of penetrative and oral sex with positive and negative affect across the first year of university. Participants were 177 Canadian students who completed baseline questionnaires, followed by six monthly, web-based questionnaires assessing sexual behaviors and affect. Multilevel analyses revealed an average positive relation between oral sex and positive affect. Of six variables, five predicted individual differences in covariation between sex and affect: psychosocial maturity (immature and semi-mature status), attitudes toward sex, prior sexual experience, and living situation. During months when participants reported sexual behavior, psychosocially mature students reported more positive affect than did less mature students; students with more permissive attitudes reported more positive affect than did students with less permissive attitudes; students with no penetrative sexual experience reported more positive affect than students who had penetrative sexual experience; and living away from parents was associated with less negative affect. Implications for further study of sexual behavior from a developmental perspective are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aldenderfer, M. S., & Blashfield, R. K. (1984). Cluster analysis. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Almeida, D. M., Wethingon, E., & Chandler, A. L. (1999). Daily transmission of tensions between marital dyads and parent-child dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 49–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arbeau, K. J., Galambos, N. L., & Jansson, S. M. (2007). Dating, sex, and substance use as correlates of adolescents’ subjective experience of age. Journal of Adolescence, 30, 435–447.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aseltine, R. H., & Gore, S. (1993). Mental health and social adaptation following the transition from high school. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 3, 247–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baltes, P. B., Lindenberger, U., & Staudinger, U. M. (1998). Life-span theory in developmental psychology. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & R. M. Lerner (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (5th ed., pp. 1029–1143). New York: Wiley.

  • Barker, E. T., & Galambos, N. L. (2007). Body dissatisfaction, living away from parents, and poor social adjustment predict binge eating symptoms in young women making the transition to university. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36, 904–911.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bibby, R. W. (2001). Canada’s teens: Today, yesterday, and tomorrow. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibby, R. W., & Posterski, D. C. (1992). Teen trends: A nation in motion. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingham, C. R., & Crockett, L. J. (1996). Longitudinal adjustment patterns of boys and girls experiencing early, middle, and late sexual intercourse. Developmental Psychology, 32, 647–658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyce, W., Doherty, M., Fortin, C., & Mackinnon, D. (2003). Canadian youth, sexual health and HIV/AIDS study: Factors influencing knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. Toronto, ON: Council of Ministers of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brady, S. S., & Halpern-Felsher, B. L. (2007). Adolescents’ reported consequences of having oral sex versus vaginal sex. Pediatrics, 119, 229–236.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32, 513–531.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brook, J. S., Adams, R. E., Balka, E. B., Whiteman, M., Zhang, C., & Sugerman, R. (2004). Illicit drug use and risky sexual behavior among African American and Puerto Rican urban adolescents: The longitudinal risks. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 165, 203–220.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, N. R., Williams, R. L., Barker, E. T., & Galambos, N. L. (2007). Estimating frequencies of emotions and actions: A web-based diary study. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 21, 259–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burleson, M. H., Trevathan, W. R., & Todd, M. (2007). In the mood for love or vice versa? Exploring the relations among sexual activity, physical affection, affect, and stress in the daily lives of mid-aged women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36, 357–368.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Canadian Association for Adolescent Health. (2006). Sexual behaviours and attitudes: Canadian teenagers and mothers. Retrieved February 23, 2006, from http://www.acsa-caah.ca.

  • Capaldi, D. M., Crosby, L., & Stoolmiller, M. (1996). Predicting the timing of first sexual intercourse for at-risk adolescent males. Child Development, 67, 344–359.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carvajal, S. C., Parcel, G. S., Basen-Engquist, K., Banspach, S. W., Coyle, K. K., Kirby, D., et al. (1999). Psychosocial predictors of delay of first sexual intercourse by adolescents. Health Psychology, 18, 443–452.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cornelius, J. R., Clark, D. B., Reynolds, M., Kirisci, L., & Tarter, R. (2007). Early age of first sexual intercourse and affiliation with deviant peers predict development of SUD: A prospective longitudinal study. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 850–854.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cornell, J. L., & Halpern-Felsher, B. L. (2006). Adolescents tell us why teens have oral sex. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38, 299–301.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Costa, F. M., Jessor, R., Donovan, J. E., & Fortenberry, J. D. (1995). Early initiation of sexual intercourse: The influence of psychosocial unconventionality. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 5, 93–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doherty, M. (1995). University of Alberta student sexual behaviour survey. Unpublished questionnaire.

  • Ehrhardt, A. A. (1996). Our view of adolescent sexuality: A focus on risk behavior without the developmental context. American Journal of Public Health, 86, 1523–1525.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fortenberry, J., Temkit, M. H., Tu, W., Katz, B., & Orr, D. (2003). Mood, mood change, sexual activity and condom use among adolescent women [Abstract]. Journal of Adolescent Health, 32, 157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galambos, N. L., Barker, E. T., & Tilton-Weaver, L. C. (2003). Who gets caught at maturity gap? A study of pseudomature, immature, and mature adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27, 253–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galambos, N. L., Dalton, A. L., & Maggs, J. L. (in press). Losing sleep over it: Daily variation in sleep quantity and quality in Canadian students’ first semester of university. Journal of Research on Adolescence.

  • Galambos, N. L., & Krahn, H. J. (2008). Depression and anger trajectories during the transition to adulthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70, 15–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galambos, N. L., & Tilton-Weaver, L. C. (2000). Adolescents’ psychosocial maturity, problem behavior, and subjective age: In search of the adultoid. Applied Developmental Science, 4, 178–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gowen, L. K., Feldman, S. S., Diaz, R., & Yisrael, D. S. (2004). A comparison of the sexual behaviors and attitudes of adolescent girls with older vs. similar-aged boyfriends. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 167–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graber, J. A., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1996). Transitions and turning points: Navigating the passage from childhood through adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 32, 768–776.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern-Felsher, B. L., Cornell, J. L., Kropp, R. Y., & Tschann, J. M. (2005). Oral versus vaginal sex among adolescents. Perceptions, attitudes, and behavior. Pediatrics, 115, 845–851.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herlitz, C., & Ramstedt, K. (2005). Assessment of sexual behavior, sexual attitudes, and sexual risk in Sweden (1989–2003). Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34, 219–229.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, L. M., Pancer, S. M., Pratt, M. W., & Hunsberger, B. E. (2000). Great expectations: The relation between expectancies and adjustment during the transition to university. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 2100–2125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2006). Monitoring the future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2005. Volume II: College students and adults ages 19–45 (NIH Publication No. 06-5884). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.

  • Kuo, M., Adlaf, E. M., Lee, H., Gliksman, L., Demers, A., & Wechsler, H. (2002). More Canadian students drink but American students drink more: Comparing college alcohol use in two countries. Addiction, 97, 1583–1592.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lefkowitz, E. S. (2005). “Things have gotten better”: Developmental changes among emerging adults after the transition to university. Journal of Adolescent Research, 20, 40–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lefkowitz, E. S., & Gillen, M. M. (2006). “Sex is just a normal part of life”: Sexuality in emerging adulthood. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 235–255). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, R. M. (1998). Theories of human development: Contemporary perspectives. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & R. M. Lerner (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (5th ed., pp. 1–24). New York: Wiley.

  • Lerner, R. M. (2004). Diversity in individual-context relations as the basis for positive development across the life span: A developmental systems perspective for theory, research, and application. Research in Human Development, 1, 327–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, R. M., Almerigi, J. B., Theokas, C., & Lerner, J. V. (2005). Positive youth development: A view of the issues. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25, 10–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maticka-Tyndale, E., Barrett, M., & McKay, A. (2000). Adolescent sexual and reproductive health in Canada: A review of national data sources and their limitations. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 9(1), 41–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montepare, J. M., Rierdan, J., Koff, E., & Stubbs, M. (1989, May). The impact of biological events on females’ subjective age identities. Paper presented at the Eighth Meeting of the Society for Menstrual Cycle Research, Salt Lake City, UT.

  • Oliver, M. B., & Hyde, J. S. (1993). Gender differences in sexuality: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 29–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ott, M. A., Pfeiffer, E. J., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2006). Perceptions of sexual abstinence among high-risk early and middle adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, 192–198.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, D. A., Gurney, R. M., & Moore, S. M. (1981). From trust to intimacy: A new inventory for examining Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 10, 525–537.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savin-Williams, R. C., & Diamond, L. M. (2004). Sex. In R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (2nd ed., pp. 189–232). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seiffge-Krenke, I. (2006). Leaving home or still in the nest? Parent-child relationships and psychological health as predictors of different leaving home patterns. Developmental Psychology, 42, 864–876.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shrier, L. A., & de Moor, C. (2006, March). Trajectories of affect surrounding coitus in adolescents. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, Boston, MA.

  • Siegel, D. M., Klein, D. I., & Roghmann, K. J. (1999). Sexual behavior, contraception, and risk among college students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 25, 336–343.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skiba, A., Fortenberry, J., & Blythe, M. (1997). Daily mood and behavioral correlates of coitus and condom use [Abstract]. Journal of Adolescent Health, 20, 145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smetana, J. G., Metzger, A., & Campione-Barr, N. (2004). African American late adolescents’ relationships with parents: Developmental transitions and longitudinal patterns. Child Development, 75, 932–947.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tubman, J. G., Windle, M., & Windle, R. C. (1996). Cumulative sexual intercourse patterns among middle adolescents: Problem behavior precursors and concurrent health risk behaviors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 18, 182–191.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Udry, J. R., Kovenock, J., Morris, N. M., & van den Berg, B. J. (1995). Childhood precursors of age at first intercourse for females. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 24, 329–337.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, J. (1963). Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58, 236–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, B. E., & Twenge, J. M. (2005). Changes in young people’s sexual behavior and attitudes, 1943–1999: A cross-temporal meta-analysis. Review of General Psychology, 9, 249–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Canada Graduate Scholarship (Master’s) to A. Dalton, and a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada grant to N. Galambos and J. Maggs.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrea L. Dalton.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dalton, A.L., Galambos, N.L. Affect and Sexual Behavior in the Transition to University. Arch Sex Behav 38, 675–687 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9401-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9401-6

Keywords

Navigation