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Factors Associated with Suboptimal Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence to Dose, Schedule, and Dietary Instructions

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of suboptimal antiretroviral therapy adherence to dose, schedule, and dietary instructions and to examine the effects of extra-personal, intra-personal, and inter-personal factors on suboptimal adherence across the three types of instructions. Self-report and clinical data were collected from 193 sexually infected Swedish patients receiving ART. Effects of extra-personal, intra-personal, and inter-personal factors on suboptimal adherence were examined using multivariate logistic regression models. Suboptimal adherence to dose instructions was recorded in 12% of patients. Equivalent percentage for suboptimal adherence to schedule instructions was 37% and for suboptimal adherence to dietary instructions 58%. Anxiety was the only risk factor for suboptimal adherence to dose. Heavy pill burden was a risk factor for suboptimal adherence to schedule. Older age and HIV-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms decreased the risk of suboptimal adherence to schedule. No factors investigated had an effect on suboptimal adherence to dietary instructions. To improve adherence to dose and schedule instructions, clinicians caring for patients with HIV should assess and treat anxiety and be alert to HIV-related PTSD symptoms.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to extend their gratitude to those women and men who participated in the study for their contribution and the nurses, in particular Eva-Lena Fredriksson, at Gay Men’s Health Center, Karolinska University Hospital—Söder Hospital, and Ing-Marie Johansson at the HIV Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital—Solna for administrating the questionnaires. This study is part of a longitudinal study that was supported by grants from the Swedish Foundation for Health Care Sciences and Allergy Research; Department of Research, Education, and Development, Stockholm City Council; the Magn Bergvall’s Foundation; the Swedish Physicians against AIDS Research Foundation, Sweden, and from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, USA, R03 DA 12328.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Infectious Disease Clinic, Gay Men’s Health Center, Department SÖS//Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Södersjukhuset, SE-118 83, Stockholm, Sweden

    Lena Nilsson Schönnesson & Göran Bratt

  2. Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA

    Mark L. Williams, Michael W. Ross & Blair Keel

Authors
  1. Lena Nilsson Schönnesson
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  2. Mark L. Williams
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  3. Michael W. Ross
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  4. Göran Bratt
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  5. Blair Keel
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Correspondence to Lena Nilsson Schönnesson.

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Nilsson Schönnesson, L., Williams, M.L., Ross, M.W. et al. Factors Associated with Suboptimal Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence to Dose, Schedule, and Dietary Instructions. AIDS Behav 11, 175–183 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-006-9160-0

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