Abstract
Developments in clinical education have recently challenged the identity of anatomy teaching and learning, leading to high profile debate over the potential implications for the competence levels of new doctors. However, the emphasis remains on methods of teaching, rather than a review of what well-rounded anatomical learning actually entails, and how teaching can address contemporary learning needs. This paper identifies and addresses some of these issues, drawing on expert views captured in qualitative research with anatomy tutors at twenty different medical schools in the UK. Three main themes emerging from our analysis are described: anatomy as a subject matter, the challenges of teaching or learning anatomy, and the use of teaching methods. We also detail how inductive analysis generated new hypotheses worthy of further consideration. These fall into two key categories: (1) improving anatomy curriculum design and (2) advancing anatomy education research.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. (2007). Anastomosis: The ASGB&I Newsletter. Autumn.
Aziz, A., McKenzie, J., et al. (2002). The human cadaver in the age of biomedical informatics. The Anatomical Record (New Anat), 269, 20–32.
Bazeley, P. (2007). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo. London: Sage.
Bligh, J. (1995). Problem based, small group learning: An idea whose time has come. British Medical Journal, 311, 342–343.
Chinnah, T. (2009). The views of students towards teaching and learning of anatomy. Masters Dissertation, University of Exeter.
Dangerfield, P. H., Bligh, J., Leinster, S., & Griffiths, R. (1996). Curriculum reform in Britain and its effects on anatomy. Clinical Anatomy, 6, 418.
Dinsmore, C., Paul, H., & Sweet, F. (1993). A core anatomy program for the undergraduate medical curriculum. Academic Medicine, 73(5), 585–586.
Dyer, G. S. M., & Thorndike, M. E. L. (2000). Quidne Mortui Vivos Docent? The evolving purpose of human dissection in medical education. Academic Medicine, 75(10), 969–979.
General Medical Council. (1993). Tomorrow’s doctors. London: General Medical Council.
Leung, K., Lu, K., Huang, T. S., & Hsieh, B. (2006). Anatomy instruction in medical schools: Connecting the past and future. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 11, 209–215.
Mattick, K., & Knight, L. (2007). High quality learning: Harder to achieve than we think? Medical Education, 41(7), 638–644.
McLachlan, J. M., Bligh, J., Bradley, P., & Searle, J. (2004). The use of cadavers in anatomy teaching. Medical Education, 38(4), 418–424.
McLachlan, J. M., & Patten, D. (2006). Anatomy teaching: Ghosts of the past, present and future. Medical Education, 40, 243–253.
McLachlan, J. C., & Regan de Bere, S. (2004). How we teach anatomy without cadavers. Clinical Teacher, 1, 49–52.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
Moxham, B. J., & Patel, K. M. (2008). The relationship between learning outcomes and methods of teaching anatomy as perceived by professional anatomists. Clinical Anatomy, 21(2), 182–189.
Older, J. (2004). Anatomy: A must for teaching the next generation. Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland, 2, 79–90.
Patel, K. M., & Moxham, B. J. (2006). Attitudes of professional anatomists to curricular change. Clinical Anatomy, 19, 132–134.
Patten, D. (2007). What lies beneath: The use of three dimensional projection in living anatomy and teaching. Clinical Teacher, 4, 10–14.
Pawlina, W., & Lachman, N. (2004). Dissection in learning and teaching gross anatomy: Rebuttal to McLachlan. The Anatomical Record (New Anat), 281B, 9–11.
Petersen, A., & Regan de Bere, S. (2006). Dissecting medicine: Gender biases in the discourses and practices of medical anatomy. In D. Rosenfeld & C. Faircloth (Eds.), Medicalised masculinities. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Regan de Bere, S., Collett, T. (2004). An ethnography of live and virtual anatomy. Paper presented to the British sociological association annual conference, York University, UK.
Regan de Bere, S., & Petersen, A. (2006). Out of the dissecting room: News media portrayal of human anatomy teaching and research. Social Science and Medicine, 63, 76–88.
Regan de Bere, S., & Petersen, A. (2009). Crisis or renaissance? A sociology of anatomy in UK medical education. In B. Turner & C. Brosnan (Eds.), Handbook of the sociology of medical education. London: Routledge.
Scott, T. M. (1994). A care-based anatomy course. Medical Education, 28, 68–73.
Acknowledgments
This paper is drawn from the findings of the following project funded by the Higher Education Academy: Mattick, K and Regan de Bere, S. Is Anatomy Different? A Survey of Views of UK Anatomy Tutors. Higher Education Academy Subject Centre for Medicine, Dentistry and Vetinary Medicine (MEDEV). 2008. We would also like to acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Rick Bowers, who led the project in the design and development phase of the study.
Ethical approval was granted by the Committee for Ethics at Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Sam Regan de Bere and Karen Mattick contributed to the design, development and write up of the research, and of this academic paper.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Regan de Bere, S., Mattick, K. From anatomical ‘competence’ to complex capability. The views and experiences of UK tutors on how we should teach anatomy to medical students. Adv in Health Sci Educ 15, 573–585 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-010-9220-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-010-9220-0