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Obesity, diabetes, and exercise associated with sleep-related complaints in the American population

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Abstract

Aim

Previous studies have demonstrated relationships between sleep and both obesity and diabetes. Additionally, exercise may improve sleep and daytime function, in addition to weight and metabolic function. The present study extends these findings by examining how general sleep-related complaints are associated with body mass index (BMI), diabetes diagnosis, and exercise in a large, nationally representative sample.

Subject and methods

Participants were respondents to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Sleep complaint (SC) was measured with “Over the last 2 weeks, how many days have you had trouble falling asleep or staying asleep or sleeping too much?” Daytime complaint (DC) was measured with “Over the last 2 weeks, how many days have you felt tired or had little energy?” Responses were dichotomized, with ≥6 days indicating complaint. Covariates included age, race/ethnicity, income, and education.

Results

Being overweight was associated with DC in women only. Obesity was significantly associated with SC and DC in women, and DC in men. Diabetes was associated with SC and DC in both genders. Any exercise in the past 30 days did not attenuate any BMI or diabetes relationships, but was independently associated with a decrease in SC and DC in both men and women.

Conclusion

These results suggest that for both men and women diabetes is a significant predictor of sleep and daytime complaints, and there is a relationship between obesity and sleep and complaints for women to a greater extent than men. Finally, exercise was associated with much fewer sleep and daytime complaints in both genders.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by T32HL007713, as well as funding for Biostatistical Support from the University of Pennsylvania Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology. We wish to thank Dr. Allan Pack MB ChB PhD for guidance and other support. Also, we wish to thank the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for collecting these data and making it available and the BRFSS participants for providing data.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3624 Market Street, Suite 205, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Michael A. Grandner, Michael L. Perlis, Philip R. Gehrman, Terri Weaver & Nalaka S. Gooneratne

  2. Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Michael A. Grandner

  3. Respiratory Specialists and Reading Hospital and Medical Center, Reading, PA, USA

    Nirav P. Patel

  4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Michael L. Perlis & Philip R. Gehrman

  5. Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Dawei Xie & Daohang Sha

  6. Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA

    Wilfred R. Pigeon

  7. Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Karen Teff

  8. Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Karen Teff

  9. Biobehavioral and Health Sciences Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Terri Weaver

  10. Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Nalaka S. Gooneratne

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  1. Michael A. Grandner
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Grandner, M.A., Patel, N.P., Perlis, M.L. et al. Obesity, diabetes, and exercise associated with sleep-related complaints in the American population. J Public Health 19, 463–474 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-011-0398-2

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