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Multiplicative modelling of EQ-5D-3L TTO and VAS values

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Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to test multiplicative modelling with EQ-5D-3L time-trade-off (TTO) and visual analogue scale (VAS) values.

Methods

A multi-stage sampling design was adopted for the study and data collection took place in three phases in 2010, 2011, and 2012 in the Northern region of Malaysia. Face-to-face interviews involved respondents answering both 13 TTO and 15 VAS valuation tasks were carried out. Both additive and multiplicative model specifications were explored using the valuation data. Model performance was evaluated using out-of-sample predictive accuracy by applying the cross-validation technique. The distribution of the model values was also graphically compared on Bland–Altman plots and kernel density distribution curves.

Results

Data from 630 and 611 respondents were included for analyses using TTO and VAS models, respectively. In terms of main-effects specifications, cross-validation results revealed a slight superiority of multiplicative models over its additive counterpart in modelling TTO values. However, both main-effects models had roughly equal predictive accuracy for VAS models. The non-linear multiplicative model with I32 term, MULT7_TTO, performed best for TTO models; while, the linear additive model with N3 term, ADD11_VAS, outperformed the other VAS models. Multiplicative modelling neither altered the dimensional rankings of importance nor did it change the distribution of values of the health states.

Conclusion

Using EQ-5D-3L valuation data, multiplicative modelling was shown to improve out-of-sample predictive accuracy of TTO models but not of VAS models.

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Acknowledgement

The authors would like to express gratitude to Luo Nan for his ideas during the study design stage and also for providing constructive comments during the early stages of the manuscript and Kim Rand-Hendriksen for his generosity in sharing the R codes used during data analysis.

Funding

The fund was granted by Universiti Sains Malaysia with Grant no. 001/PFARMASI/816114.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

    Asrul Akmal Shafie & Annushiah Vasan Thakumar

  2. Institutional Planning and Strategic Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

    Asrul Akmal Shafie

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  1. Asrul Akmal Shafie
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  2. Annushiah Vasan Thakumar
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Correspondence to Asrul Akmal Shafie.

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Shafie, A.A., Vasan Thakumar, A. Multiplicative modelling of EQ-5D-3L TTO and VAS values. Eur J Health Econ 21, 1411–1420 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-020-01233-5

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