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Assessment of free and cued recall in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular and frontotemporal dementia with 24-item Grober and Buschke test

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Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the most common forms of dementia. It is well known that memory deficits in AD are different from those in VaD and FTD, especially with respect to cued recall. The aim of this clinical study was to compare the memory performance in 15 AD, 10 VaD and 9 FTD patients and 20 normal controls by means of a 24-item Grober-Buschke test [8]. The patients’ groups were comparable in terms of severity of dementia. We considered free and total recall (free plus cued) both in immediate and delayed recall and computed an Index of Sensitivity to Cueing (ISC) [8] for immediate and delayed trials. We assessed whether cued recall predicted the subsequent free recall across our patients’ groups. We found that AD patients recalled fewer items from the beginning and were less sensitive to cueing supporting the hypothesis that memory disorders in AD depend on encoding and storage deficit. In immediate recall VaD and FTD showed a similar memory performance and a stronger sensitivity to cueing than AD, suggesting that memory disorders in these patients are due to a difficulty in spontaneously implementing efficient retrieval strategies. However, we found a lower ISC in the delayed recall compared to the immediate trials in VaD than FTD due to a higher forgetting in VaD.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Luigi Trojano and Massimo Nuzzo for referring the patients to us. Furthermore, we would like to thank Marcello Gallucci for advice on the data analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, U6- 3170 d, Milan, Italy

    Milena Cerciello

  2. Neurology Section of San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy

    Valeria Isella

  3. Milan Center of Neurosciences, Milan, Italy

    Valeria Isella

  4. Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy

    Alice Proserpi & Costanza Papagno

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  1. Milena Cerciello
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  2. Valeria Isella
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Correspondence to Milena Cerciello.

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Cerciello, M., Isella, V., Proserpi, A. et al. Assessment of free and cued recall in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular and frontotemporal dementia with 24-item Grober and Buschke test. Neurol Sci 38, 115–122 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-016-2722-7

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