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Serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Vitamin D may play an important role in the etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Vitamin D is regarded as a neuroactive steroid affecting brain development and function. It plays an essential role in myelination, which is important for connectivity in the brain. Studies have shown that decreased vitamin D levels in patients, decreased maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy, and decreased exposure to solar UVB might increase the risk for ASD. In addition, autism symptoms and global functioning may improve after vitamin D supplementation. Here, we sought to aggregate information from previous publications on vitamin D levels and ASD, in order to achieve a higher statistical power and thereby to determine the validity of vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for ASD. For this meta-analysis, 11 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, accounting for a total of 870 ASD patients and 782 healthy controls. Levels of serum 25(OH) D in participants with ASD were significantly lower than controls, suggesting that lower vitamin D level might be a risk factor for ASD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China

    Tiantian Wang, Ling Shan, Lin Du, Junyan Feng & Feiyong Jia

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Zhida Xu

  3. Department of Psychiatry and Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Karakter, Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Reinier Postlaan 12, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Wouter G. Staal

  4. Institute of Pediatrics of First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Changchun, 130021, China

    Feiyong Jia

  5. Neurological Research Center of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China

    Feiyong Jia

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  1. Tiantian Wang
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  2. Ling Shan
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  3. Lin Du
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Wang, T., Shan, L., Du, L. et al. Serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 25, 341–350 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-015-0786-1

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