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The NeuroIMAGE study: a prospective phenotypic, cognitive, genetic and MRI study in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Design and descriptives

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Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a persistent neuropsychiatric disorder which is associated with impairments on a variety of cognitive measures and abnormalities in structural and functional brain measures. Genetic factors are thought to play an important role in the etiology of ADHD. The NeuroIMAGE study is a follow-up of the Dutch part of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) project. It is a multi-site prospective cohort study designed to investigate the course of ADHD, its genetic and environmental determinants, its cognitive and neurobiological underpinnings, and its consequences in adolescence and adulthood. From the original 365 ADHD families and 148 control (CON) IMAGE families, consisting of 506 participants with an ADHD diagnosis, 350 unaffected siblings, and 283 healthy controls, 79 % participated in the NeuroIMAGE follow-up study. Combined with newly recruited participants the NeuroIMAGE study comprehends an assessment of 1,069 children (751 from ADHD families; 318 from CON families) and 848 parents (582 from ADHD families; 266 from CON families). For most families, data for more than one child (82 %) and both parents (82 %) were available. Collected data include a diagnostic interview, behavioural questionnaires, cognitive measures, structural and functional neuroimaging, and genome-wide genetic information. The NeuroIMAGE dataset allows examining the course of ADHD over adolescence into young adulthood, identifying phenotypic, cognitive, and neural mechanisms associated with the persistence versus remission of ADHD, and studying their genetic and environmental underpinnings. The inclusion of siblings of ADHD probands and controls allows modelling of shared familial influences on the ADHD phenotype.

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Acknowledgments

The NeuroIMAGE project was supported by NIH Grant R01MH62873 (to Stephen V. Faraone), NWO Large Investment Grant 1750102007010 and ZonMW Grant 60-60600-97-193 (to Jan Buitelaar), and grants from Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, University Medical Center Groningen and Accare, and VU University Amsterdam. We acknowledge the department of Pediatrics of the VU University Medical Center for giving us the opportunity to use their mock scanner for preparation of our participants. We thank Paul Gaalman and IT staff of the VU University Amsterdam for technical MRI assistance, all PhD students for their contribution to the data acquisition and are grateful to all participating families.

Conflict of interest

Jan Buitelaar has been in the past 3 years a consultant to/member of advisory board of/speaker for Janssen Cilag BV, Eli Lilly, Bristol-Myer Squibb, Shering Plough, UCB, Shire, Novartis and Servier. He is not an employee of any of these companies, and not a stock shareholder of any of these companies. He has no other financial or material support, including expert testimony, patents and royalties. Jaap Oosterlaan has been on the advisory board of Shire and UCB Pharmaceuticals. He has received an unrestricted grant from Shire. Pieter Hoekstra has received honoraria for advice from Eli Lilly and Shire. In the past year, Stephen V. Faraone received consulting income and/or research support from Shire, Otsuka and Alcobra and research support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In previous years, he received consulting fees or was on Advisory Boards or participated in continuing medical education programs sponsored by: Shire, McNeil, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and Eli Lilly. SVF receives royalties from books published by Guilford Press: Straight Talk about Your Child’s Mental Health and Oxford University Press: Schizophrenia: The Facts. The other authors have no potentially competing interests.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Daniel von Rhein, Maarten Mennes, Annabeth P. Groenman, Marcel P. Zwiers & Jan Buitelaar

  2. Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Daniel von Rhein, Maarten Mennes & Marcel P. Zwiers

  3. Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Hanneke van Ewijk, Annabeth P. Groenman, Jaap Oosterlaan & Dirk Heslenfeld

  4. Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Barbara Franke

  5. Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Pieter J. Hoekstra & Catharina Hartman

  6. Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Barbara Franke & Jan Buitelaar

  7. Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA

    Stephen V. Faraone

  8. Department of Cognitive Neuroscience (204), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HG, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Jan Buitelaar

Authors
  1. Daniel von Rhein
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  2. Maarten Mennes
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  3. Hanneke van Ewijk
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  4. Annabeth P. Groenman
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  5. Marcel P. Zwiers
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  6. Jaap Oosterlaan
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  7. Dirk Heslenfeld
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  8. Barbara Franke
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  9. Pieter J. Hoekstra
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  10. Stephen V. Faraone
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  11. Catharina Hartman
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  12. Jan Buitelaar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jan Buitelaar.

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von Rhein, D., Mennes, M., van Ewijk, H. et al. The NeuroIMAGE study: a prospective phenotypic, cognitive, genetic and MRI study in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Design and descriptives. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 24, 265–281 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-014-0573-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-014-0573-4

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