Summary
146 women and 44 men (out- and inpatients; treatment sample) with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD; winter type) were tested for gender differences in demographic, clinical and seasonal characteristics. Sex ratio in prevalence was (women : men) 3.6 : 1 in unipolar depressives and 2.4 : 1 in bipolars (I and II). Sex ratios varied also between different birth cohorts and men seemed to underreport symptoms. There was no significant difference in symptom-profiles in both genders, however a preponderance of increased eating and different food selection on a trend level occured in women. The female group suffered significantly more often from thyroid disorders and from greater mood variations because of dark and cloudy weather. Women referred themselves to our clinic significantly more frequently as compared to men. In summary gender differences in SAD were similar to those of non-seasonal depression: the extent of gender differences in the prevalence of affective disorders appears to depend on case criteria such as diagnosis (unipolar vs. bipolar), birth cohort and number of symptoms as minimum threshold for diagnosis. We support the idea of applying sex-specific diagnostic criteria for diagnosing depression on the basis of our data and of the literature.
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Lucht, M., Kasper, S. Gender differences in seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Arch Womens Ment Health 2, 83–89 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/s007370050040
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s007370050040