Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in undergraduate women with varying levels of mindfulness

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Archives of Women's Mental Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Research has demonstrated that perceived stress and depression are risk factors for suicidal ideation in young adults, particularly women attending college. Female undergraduate students (N = 928) were administered measures assessing their levels of stress, depressive symptoms, suicidal thoughts, and mindfulness. A moderated-mediation analysis was conducted to examine the complex associations among these variables. Results indicated that mindfulness moderated the mediated effect of depressive symptoms on perceived stress and suicidal ideation. Specifically, the indirect effect was stronger in college women with lower levels of mindfulness as compared to those students who reported higher mindfulness. Thus, teaching mindfulness techniques on college campuses may be an important strategy for preventing suicide, especially among young adult women experiencing stress and depressive symptoms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arria AM, O’Grady KE, Caldeira KM, Vincent KB, Wilcox HC, Wish ED (2009) Suicide ideation among college students: a multivariate analysis. Arch Suicide Res 13:230–246. doi:10.1080/13811110903044351

  • Bagge CL, Lamis DA, Nadorff M, Osman A (2014) Relations between hopelessness, depressive symptoms and suicidality: mediation by reasons for living. J Clin Psychol 70:18–31. doi:10.1002/jclp.22005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bamber MD, Schneider JK (2016) Mindfulness-based meditation to decrease stress and anxiety in college students: a narrative synthesis of the research. Educ Res Rev 18:1–32. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2015.12.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beautrais AL, Joyce PR, Mulder RT (1997) Precipitating factors and life events in serious suicide attempts among youths aged 13 through 24 years. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 36:1543–1551. doi:10.1016/S0890-8567(09)66563-1

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beck AT (2002) Cognitive models of depression. Clin Adv Cognit Psychother Theory Appl 14:29–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK (1996) Beck Depression Inventory manual, 2nd edn. Psychological Corporation, San Antonio

    Google Scholar 

  • Brotto LA, Basson R, Luria M (2008) A mindfulness‐based group psychoeducational intervention targeting sexual arousal disorder in women. J Sex Med 5:1646–1659. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00850.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brougham RR, Zail CM, Mendoza CM, Miller JR (2009) Stress, sex differences, and coping strategies among college students. Curr Psychol 28:85–97. doi:10.1007/s12144-009-9047-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown KW, Ryan RM (2003) The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol 84:822–848. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brownson C, Drum DJ, Smith SE, Denmark AB (2011) Differences in suicidal experiences of male and female undergraduate and graduate students. J Coll Stud Psychother 25:277–294. doi:10.1080/87568225.2011.605692

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carmody J, Baer RA (2008) Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. J Behav Med 31:23–33. doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9130-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CDC. (2009). Suicide and self-inflicted injury. Washington D.C.: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

  • CDC. (2013). 10 leading causes of death by age group, United States. Washington D.C.: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

  • Chesin MS, Jeglic EL (2016) Factors associated with recurrent suicidal ideation among racially and ethnically diverse college students with a history of suicide attempt: the role of mindfulness. Arch Suicide Res 20:29–44. doi:10.1080/13811118.2015.1004488

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crosby, A., Gfroerer, J., Han, B., Ortega, L., & Parks, S. E. (2011). Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adults aged> 18 years—United States, 2008–2009. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

  • Crowne DP, Marlowe D (1960) A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. J Consult Psychol 24:349–354. doi:10.1037/h0047358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cukrowicz, K. C., Schlegel, E. F., Smith, P. N., Jacobs, M. P., Van Orden, K. A., Paukert, A. L., & … Joiner, T. E. (2011). Suicide ideation among college students evidencing subclinical depression. Journal of American College Health, 59, 575–581. doi:10.1080/07448481.2010.483710

  • Cullen M (2011) Mindfulness-based interventions: an emerging phenomenon. Mindfulness 2:186–193. doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0058-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • David Klonsky E, Kotov R, Bakst S, Rabinowitz J, Bromet EJ (2012) Hopelessness as a predictor of attempted suicide among first admission patients with psychosis: a 10‐year cohort study. Suicide Life Threat Behav 42:1–10. doi:10.1111/j.1943-278X.2011.00066.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Drum DJ, Brownson C, Burton Denmark A, Smith SE (2009) New data on the nature of suicidal crises in college students: shifting the paradigm. Prof Psychol Res Pract 40:213–222. doi:10.1037/a0014465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis JB, Lamis DA (2007) Adaptive characteristics and suicidal behavior: a gender comparison of young adults. Death Stud 31:845–854. doi:10.1080/07481180701537303

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farabaugh, A., Bitran, S., Nyer, M., Holt, D. J., Pedrelli, P., Shyu, I., … & Fava, M. (2012). Depression and suicidal ideation in college students. Psychopathology, 45, 228–234. doi: 10.1159/000331598

  • Farabaugh, A., Nyer, M., Holt, D., Baer, L., Petrie, S., DiPierro, M., & … Mischoulon, D. (2015). Screening for suicide risk in the college population. Journal Of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 33, 78–94. doi:10.1007/s10942-014-0203-6

  • Farb NA, Anderson AK, Segal ZV (2012) The mindful brain and emotion regulation in mood disorders. Can J Psychiatr 57:70–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman G, Harley R, Kerrigan M, Jacobo M, Fava M (2009) Change in emotional processing during a dialectical behavior therapy-based skills group for major depressive disorder. Behav Res Ther 47:316–321. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feldt RC (2008) Development of a brief measure of college stress: the college student stress scale. Psychol Rep 102:855–860. doi:10.2466/pr0.102.3.855-860

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feldt RC, Koch C (2011) Reliability and construct validity of the college student stress scale. Psychol Rep 108:660–666. doi:10.2466/02.08.13.16.PR0.108.2.660-666

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fritz MS, Taylor AB, MacKinnon DP (2012) Explanation of two anomalous results in statistical mediation analysis. Multivar Behav Res 47:61–87. doi:10.1080/00273171.2012.640596

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garlow SJ, Rosenberg J, Moore JD, Haas AP, Koestner B, Hendin H, Nemeroff CB (2008) Depression, desperation, and suicidal ideation in college students: results from the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention College Screening Project at Emory University. Depress Anxiety 25:482–488. doi:10.1002/da.20321

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greeson JM, Juberg MK, Maytan M, James K, Rogers H (2014) A randomized controlled trial of koru: a mindfulness program for college students and other emerging adults. J Am Coll Heal 62:222–233. doi:10.1080/07448481.2014.887571

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes AF, Scharkow M (2013) The relative trustworthiness of inferential tests of the indirect effect in statistical mediation analysis: does method really matter? Psychol Sci 24:1918–1927. doi:10.1177/0956797613480187

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heikkinen M, Aro H, Lönnqvist J (1993) Life events and social support in suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav 23:343–358. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05805.x

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, T., & Heastie, S. (2008). High school to college transition: a profile of the stressors, physical and psychological health issues that affect the first-year on-campus college student. Faculty Working Papers from the School of Education. Paper 14. http://digitalcommons.uncfsu.edu/soe_faculty_wp/14

  • Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Witt AA, Oh D (2010) The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: a meta-analytic review. J Consult Clin Psychol 78:169. doi:10.1037/a0018555

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kabat-Zinn J (1982) An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: theoretical considerations and preliminary results. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 4:33–47. doi:10.1016/0163-8343(82)90026-3

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kleiman EM, Miller AB, Riskind JH (2012) Enhancing attributional style as a protective factor in suicide. J Affect Disord 143:236–240. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klibert, J., LeLeux-LaBarge, K., Tarantino, N., Lamis, D., & Yancey, T. (2016). Procrastination and suicide proneness: a moderated-mediation model for cognitive schemas and gender. Death studies. Advanced online publication doi:10.1080/07481187.2016.1141262

  • Klonsky ED, May AM (2015) The three-step theory (3ST): a new theory of suicide rooted in the ‘ideation-to-action’ framework. Int J Cogn Ther 8:114–129. doi:10.1521/ijct.2015.8.2.114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lamis DA, Dvorak RD (2014) Mindfulness, nonattachment, and suicide rumination in college students: the mediating role of depressive symptoms. Mindfulness 5:487–496. doi:10.1007/s12671-013-0203-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lamis DA, Lester D (2012) Risk factors for suicidal ideation among African American and European American college women. Psychol Women Q 36:337–349. doi:10.1177/0361684312439186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lamis DA, Lester D (2013) Gender differences in risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation among college students. J Coll Stud Psychother 27:62–77. doi:10.1080/87568225.2013.739035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lamis DA, Drum DJ, Becker MS (2015) College student distress and suicidality: a spectrum of prevention and intervention approaches. In: Lamis DA, Kaslow NJ (eds) Advancing the science of suicidal behavior: understanding and intervention. Nova, Hauppauge, pp 171–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Langhinrichsen-Rohling J, Klibert J, Williams M (2011) Gender considerations in college students’ suicidal behavior. In: Lamis DA, Lester D (eds) Understanding and preventing college student suicide. Charles C Thomas Publisher, Springfield, pp 47–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Leichsenring F, Leibing E, Kruse J, New AS, Leweke F (2011) Borderline personality disorder. Lancet 377:74–84. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61422-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lester D (2011) Environmental stressors. In: Lamis DA, Lester D (eds) Understanding and preventing college student suicide. Charles C Thomas Publisher, Springfield, pp 134–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Linda WP, Marroquín B, Miranda R (2012) Active and passive problem solving as moderators of the relation between negative life event stress and suicidal ideation among suicide attempters and non-attempters. Arch Suicide Res 16:183–197. doi:10.1080/13811118.2012.695233

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Linehan MM (1987) Dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder: theory and method. Bull Menn Clin 51:261–276

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linehan MM (1993) Skills training manual for treating borderline personality disorder. Guilford Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Loo R, Thorpe K (2000) Confirmatory factor analyses of the full and short versions of the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale. J Soc Psychol 140:628–635. doi:10.1080/00224540009600503

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig DS, Kabat-Zinn J (2008) Mindfulness in medicine. JAMA 300:1350–1352. doi:10.1001/jama.300.11.1350

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mackenzie, S., Wiegel, J. R., Mundt, M., Brown, D., Saewyc, E., Heiligenstein, E., … & Fleming, M. (2011). Depression and suicide ideation among students accessing campus health care. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81, 101–107. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01077.x

  • MacKillop J, Anderson EJ (2007) Further psychometric validation of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). J Psychopathol Behav Assess 29:289–293. doi:10.1007/s10862-007-9045-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon DP (2008) Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. Mahwah, N.J. Earlbaum

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon DP, Tofighi D (2013) Statistical mediation analysis. In: Schinka JA, Velicer WF, Weiner IB (eds) Handbook of psychology, vol. 2: research methods in psychology, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken, NJ, pp 717–735

    Google Scholar 

  • Marchand WR (2012) Mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and Zen meditation for depression, anxiety, pain, and psychological distress. J Psychiatr Pract 18:233–252. doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000416014.53215.86

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Masuda A, Anderson PL, Sheehan ST (2010) Mindfulness and mental health among African American college students. J Evidence-Based Complement & Altern Med 14:115–127. doi:10.1177/1533210110363893

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • May AM, Klonsky ED, Klein DN (2012) Predicting future suicide attempts among depressed suicide ideators: a 10-year longitudinal study. J Psychiatr Res 46:946–952. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.04.009

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • McCown D, Reibel D (2010) Mindfulness and mindfulness-based stress reduction. In: Monti DA, Beitman BD, Monti DA, Beitman BD (eds) Integrative psychiatry. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 289–338

    Google Scholar 

  • McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR (2016) Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: a randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behav Res Ther 77:118–128. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller JS, Segal DL, Coolidge FL (2001) A comparison of suicidal thinking and reasons for living among younger and older adults. Death Stud 25:357–365. doi:10.1080/07481180151143105

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miotto PP, Preti AA (2008) Suicide ideation and social desirability among school-aged young people. J Adolesc 31:519–533. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.08.004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadkhani P, Khanipour H, Azadmehr H, Mobramm A, Naseri E (2015) Trait mindfulness, reasons for living and general symptom severity as predictors of suicide probability in males with substance abuse or dependence. Iranian J Psychiat 10:56–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy MJ, Mermelstein LC, Edwards KM, Gidycz CA (2012) The benefits of dispositional mindfulness in physical health: a longitudinal study of female college students. J Am Coll Heal 60:341–348. doi:10.1080/07448481.2011.629260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2012). Mplus 7.0 [computer software]. Los Angeles: Author

  • Naragon-Gainey K, Watson D, Markon KE (2009) Differential relations of depression and social anxiety symptoms to the facets of extraversion/positive emotionality. J Abnorm Psychol 118:299–310. doi:10.1037/a0015637

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson MC, Lust K, Story M, Ehlinger E (2008) Credit card debt, stress and key health risk behaviors among college students. Am J Health Promot 22:400–407. doi:10.4278/ajhp.22.6.400

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nock MK, Hwang I, Sampson NA, Kessler RC (2010) Mental disorders, comorbidity and suicidal behavior: results from the national comorbidity survey replication. Mol Psychiatry 15:868–876. doi:10.1038/mp.2009.29

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oman D, Shapiro SL, Thoresen CE, Plante TG, Flinders T (2008) Meditation lowers stress and supports forgiveness among college students: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Heal 56:569–578. doi:10.3200/JACH.56.5.569-578

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osman A, Kopper BA, Barrios F, Gutierrez PM, Bagge CL (2004) Reliability and validity of the Beck Depression Inventory–II with adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Psychol Assess 16:120–132. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.16.2.120

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Osman A, Lamis DA, Bagge CL, Fredenthal S, Barnes S (2015) The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale: further examination of dimensionality, reliability estimates, and concurrent validity in non-clinical samples. J Pers Assess. doi:10.1080/00223891.2015.1095761

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pauley PM, Hesse C (2009) The effects of social support, depression, and stress on drinking behaviors in a college student sample. Commun Stud 60:493–508. doi:10.1080/10510970903260335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearl J (2012) The causal mediation formula—a guide to the assessment of pathways and mechanisms. Prev Sci 13:426–436. doi:10.1007/s11121-011-0270-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pompili M, Ruberto A, Girardi P, Tatarelli R (2003) Suicidality in DSM IV cluster B personality disorders an overview. Annali dell’Istituto superiore di sanità 40:475–483

    Google Scholar 

  • Preacher KJ, Hayes KK (2011) Effect size measures for mediation models: quantitative strategies for communicating indirect effects. Psychol Methods 16:93–115. doi:10.1037/10022658

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds WM (1982) Development of reliable and valid short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. J Clin Psychol 38:119–125. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<119::AID-JCLP2270380118>3.0.CO;2-I

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rice, K., & Van Arsdale, A. (2010). Perfectionism, perceived stress, drinking to cope, and alcohol-related problems among college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 439–450. doi: 10.1037/a0020221

  • Rizer CA, Fagan MH, Kilmon C, Rath L (2016) The role of perceived stress and health beliefs on college students’ intentions to practice mindfulness meditation. Am J Health Educ 47:24–31. doi:10.1080/19325037.2015.1111176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers HB (2013) Koru: teaching mindfulness to emerging adults. New Direct Teac Learning. doi:10.1002/tl.20056

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY US: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group

  • Schwartz AJ (2006) College student suicide in the United States: 1990–1991 through 2003–2004. J Am Coll Heal 54:341–352. doi:10.3200/JACH.54.6.341-352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz AJ (2011) Rate, relative risk, and method of suicide by students at 4-year colleges and universities in the United States, 2004–2005 through 2008–2209. Suicide Life Threat Behav 41:353–371. doi:10.1111/j.1943-278X.2011.00034.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sephton SE, Salmon P, Weissbecker I, Ulmer C, Floyd A, Hoover K, Studts JL (2007) Mindfulness meditation alleviates depressive symptoms in women with fibromyalgia: results of a randomized clinical trial. Arthritis Care & Res 57:77–85. doi:10.1002/art.22478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Serpa JG, Taylor SL, Tillisch K (2014) Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) reduces anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation in veterans. Med Care 52:S19–S24. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000202

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh R, Joshi HL (2008) Suicidal ideation in relation to depression, life stress and personality among college students. J Indian Acad Applied Psychol 34:259–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkins ER (2008) Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought. Psychol Bull 134:163. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.163

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein L, Laverghetta A (2009) College student stress and satisfaction with life. Coll Stud J 43:1161

    Google Scholar 

  • Whisman MA, Richardson ED (2015) Normative data on the Beck Depression Inventory–second edition (BDI‐II) in college students. J Clin Psychol 71:898–907. doi:10.1002/jclp.22188

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiederman MW, Sansone RA, Sansone LA (1998) History of trauma and attempted suicide among women in a primary care setting. Violence Vict 13:3–9

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox HC, Arria AM, Caldeira KM, Vincent KB, Pinchevsky GM, O’Grady KE (2010) Prevalence and predictors of persistent suicide ideation, plans, and attempts during college. J Affect Disord 127:287–294. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.04.017

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Williams JMG, Duggan DS, Crane C, Fennell MJ (2006) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for prevention of recurrence of suicidal behavior. J Clin Psychol 62:201–210. doi:10.1002/jclp.20223

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Woodberry KA, Popenoe EJ (2008) Implementing dialectical behavior therapy with adolescents and their families in a community outpatient clinic. Cogn Behav Pract 15:277–286. doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2007.08.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zainal NZ, Booth S, Huppert FA (2013) The efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction on mental health of breast cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Psycho-Oncology 22:1457–1465. doi:10.1002/pon.3171

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mercer University, Macon, GA, 31207, USA

    Maria H. Anastasiades

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Grady Memorial Hospital, 10 Park Place SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA

    Shweta Kapoor, Jennifer Wootten & Dorian A. Lamis

Authors
  1. Maria H. Anastasiades
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shweta Kapoor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jennifer Wootten
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dorian A. Lamis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dorian A. Lamis.

Ethics declarations

All participants provided informed consent, and all study procedures were approved by the appropriate Institutional Review Board.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Anastasiades, M.H., Kapoor, S., Wootten, J. et al. Perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in undergraduate women with varying levels of mindfulness. Arch Womens Ment Health 20, 129–138 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-016-0686-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-016-0686-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation