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Assessment of psychometric properties of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) in Spanish mothers

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Abstract

The Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) was developed to assess mother-infant bonding disturbances in the postpartum period. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the PBQ in a sample of Spanish postpartum women. Eight hundred forty mothers were recruited in the postpartum visit (4–6 weeks after delivery): 513 from a gynecology unit (forming the general population sample) and 327 mothers from a perinatal psychiatry program (forming the clinical sample). All women were assessed by means of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the PBQ. Neither the original four-factor structure nor alternative structures (Reck et al. 2006; Wittkowski et al. 2010) were replicated by the confirmatory factor analyses. An exploratory factor analysis showed a four-factor solution. The Schmid-Leiman transformation found a general factor that accounted for 61 % of the variance of the PBQ. Bonding impairment showed higher associations with depressive symptomatology in both samples. The Spanish version of the PBQ showed adequate psychometric properties for use with clinical and general populations of Spanish postpartum women. The results suggest that the PBQ could be summarized by a general factor and confirm the utility of the use of the total score for detecting bonding impairment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Perinatal Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain

    Lluïsa Garcia-Esteve, Anna Torres & Bruma Palacios-Hernández

  2. Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

    Lluïsa Garcia-Esteve & Anna Torres

  3. Vulnerability, Psychopathology and Gender research group, Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain

    Lluïsa Garcia-Esteve, Anna Torres, Susana Subirà & Manuel Valdés

  4. Department of Psychiatry, Psychology and Psychosomatics, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain

    Gracia Lasheras & Borja Farré-Sender

  5. Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

    Bruma Palacios-Hernández & Susana Subirà

  6. Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain

    Manuel Valdés

  7. University of Birmingham, Lower Brockington Farm, Bredenbury, HR7 4TE, UK

    Ian Fraser Brockington

Authors
  1. Lluïsa Garcia-Esteve
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  2. Anna Torres
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  3. Gracia Lasheras
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  4. Bruma Palacios-Hernández
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  5. Borja Farré-Sender
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  6. Susana Subirà
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  7. Manuel Valdés
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  8. Ian Fraser Brockington
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Correspondence to Anna Torres.

Ethics declarations

Approval was obtained from the institutional review board, and all women provided written informed consent before entering the study.

Appendix 1. The Spanish version of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire

Appendix 1. The Spanish version of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire

TEST DEL VÍNCULO EN EL POSPARTO (Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire, Brockington et al. 2001).

Traducido y Adaptado por Ll. García Esteve, P. Navarro, S. Diez.

Programa de Psiquiatría Perinatal Barcelona-CLINIC.

Por favor indique con qué frecuencia le ocurre lo que se detalla a continuación.

No hay respuestas “buenas” o “malas”. Escoja la respuesta más adecuada a su experiencia reciente.

¿Cómo se siente respecto a su bebé?

Siempre

Muy a menudo

Bastante a menudo

A veces

Raramente

Nunca

1.

Me siento cercana.

      

2.

Desearía que volvieran los días en que no lo tenía.

      

3.

Me siento distante.

      

4.

Me encanta abrazarlo.

      

5.

Lamento haberlo tenido.

      

6.

Siento como si no fuera mío.

      

7.

Siento que me toma el pelo.

      

8.

Lo quiero con locura.

      

9.

Me siento feliz cuando ríe.

      

10.

Me irrita.

      

11.

Disfruto jugando con él.

      

12.

Llora demasiado.

      

13.

Me siento atrapada como madre.

      

14.

Me siento enfadada con mi bebé.

      

15.

Siento resentimiento hacia él.

      

16.

Es el más guapo del mundo.

      

17.

Desearía que de alguna manera desapareciera.

      

18.

He hecho cosas que son perjudiciales para él.

      

19.

Me pone nerviosa.

      

20.

Me asusta.

      

21.

Me fastidia.

      

22.

Me siento segura cuando lo estoy cuidando.

      

23.

Siento que la única solución es que otra persona lo cuide.

      

24.

Tengo ganas de hacerle daño.

      

25.

Se consuela fácilmente.

      

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Garcia-Esteve, L., Torres, A., Lasheras, G. et al. Assessment of psychometric properties of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) in Spanish mothers. Arch Womens Ment Health 19, 385–394 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-015-0589-x

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