Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

A comparative analysis of the health and well-being of cancer survivors to the general population

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Supportive Care in Cancer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

The population of people surviving cancer is continually increasing and currently cancer survivors represent approximately 3.7% of the American population and 3% of the UK population. There is limited and inconclusive empirical evidence regarding the long-term health and well-being of cancer survivors.

Methods

Two hundred eighty-nine cancer survivors and 262 matched-age and sex patients from the same group of General (primary care) Practices completed postal questionnaires measuring health and well-being, health service utilisation and satisfaction and health care needs.

Main Results

Cancer survivors reported poorer health and well-being and health service utilisation than the general population. Despite this poorer health, the majority of cancer survivors reported satisfaction with services and almost two-thirds of the survivors did not report any needs.

Conclusions

The majority of cancer survivors do not appear to require additional support services. There is, however, a subgroup of survivors who warrant specialist support, particularly survivors who are older, experience late effects and have had adjuvant treatments. Future research should focus on developing methods that could be used in routine clinical practice to identify ‘at risk’ or vulnerable patients and to provide appropriate and timely support.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Horner M, Ries L, Krapcho M, Neyman N, Aminou R, Howlader N (2006) SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975-2006. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda

    Google Scholar 

  2. Maddams J, Moller H, Brewster D, Gavin A, Steward J, Elliot J, Utley M (2009) Cancer prevalence in the United Kingdom: estimates for 2008. Br J Cancer 101:541–547. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Yabroff R, Lawrence W, Clauser S, Davis W, Brown M (2004) Burden of illness in cancer survivors: findings from a population-based national sample. J Natl Cancer Inst 96:1322–30. doi:10.1093/JNCI/djh255

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Hewitt M, Rowland J, Yancik R (2003) Cancer survivors in the United States: age, health and disability. J Gerontology A Biol Sci Med Sci 58:82–91. doi:10.1093/Gerona/58.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Reeve B, Potosky A, Wilder Smith A et al (2009) Impact of cancer on health-related quality of life of older Americans. JNCI 101:860–868. doi:10.1093/jnci/djp

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Keating N, Norredam M, Landrum M, Huskamp H, Meara E (2005) Physical and mental health status of older long-term cancer survivors. J Am Geriatr Soc 53:2145–2152. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00507.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Deimling G, Sterns S, Bowman K, Kahana B (2005) The health of older-adult long-term cancer survivors. Cancer Nurs 28:415–424

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Nord C, Mykletun A, Thorsen L, Bjoro T, Fossa S (2005) Self-reported health and use of health services in long term survivors. Int J Cancer 114:307–316. doi:10.1002/ijc.20713

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Schultz PN, Beck ML, Stava C, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R (2003) Health profiles in 5386 long-term cancer survivors. Int J Cancer 104:488–95. doi:10.1002/IJC.10981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Eakin E, Yourdon D, Baade P, Lawler S, Reeves M, Heyworth J, Fritschi L (2007) Health behaviors of cancer survivors: data from a population based Australian Survey. Cancer Causes Control 18:881–894. doi:10.1007/s1007/s10552-0079033-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Hodgkinson K, Butow P, Hunt G (2007) The development and evaluation of a measure to assess cancer survivors unmet supportive care needs: the CaSUN (Cancer Survivors Unmet Needs Measure). Psychooncology 16:796–804. doi:10.1002/pon.1137

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Armes J, Crowe M, Colbourne L, Morgan H, Murrells T, Oakley C, Palmer N, Ream E, Young A, Richardson A (2009) Patients' supportive care needs beyond the end of cancer treatment: a prospective, longitudinal survey. J Clin Oncol 27:6172–6179. doi:10.1200/jco.2009.22.5151

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Barg F, Cronholm P, Straton J, Keddem S, Knott K, Grater J, Houts P, Palmer S (2007) Unmet psychosocial needs of Pennsylvanians with cancer: 1986-2005. Cancer 110:631–639. doi:10.1002/cncr.22820

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Beesley V, Eakin E, Steginga S, Aiken J, Dunn J, Battistutta D (2007) Unmet needs of gynecological cancer survivors: implications for developing community support services. Psychooncology 17:392–400. doi:10.1002/PON.1249

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bonevski B, Sanson-Fisher R, Hersey P, Paul C, Foot G (2000) Assessing the perceived needs of patients attending an outpatient Melanoma Clinic. Psychooncology 17:101–118. doi:10.1300/J077v17n03_06

    Google Scholar 

  16. Zebrack B, Mills J, Weitzman T (2007) Health and supportive care needs of young adult cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv 1:137–145. doi:10.1007/s11764-007-0015-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Molassiotis A, Wilson B, Blair S, Howe T, Cavet J (2011) Unmet supportive care needs psychological well-being and quality of life in patients living with multiple myeloma and their partners. Psychooncology 20:88–87. doi:10.1002/PON.2710

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Harrison S, Watson E, Ward A et al (2011) Primary health and supportive care needs of long-term cancer survivors: a questionnaire survey. J Clin Oncol 29(15):2091–2098

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Stein K, Syjala K, Andrykowski M (2005) Physical and psychological long term and late effects of cancer. Cancer 112(11 suppl):2577–92. doi:10.1002/cncr.23448

    Google Scholar 

  20. National Cancer Survivorship Initiative: NCSI research priorities report (June 2010) Available at http://www.ncs:org.uk/researc. Accessed 26 October 2010

  21. Ware J, Sherbourne C (1992) The Mos 36-item short form health survey (SF-36). Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 30:473–483

    Google Scholar 

  22. Macmillan Cancer Support (2008) Macmillan Study of the health and well-being of cancer survivors. Macmillan Cancer Support, England

  23. Dische S, Saunders MI (2003) Complexity and simplicity in the measurement and recording of the adverse effects of cancer treatment. Radiother Oncol 66:249–251. doi:10.1016/80167.81401(02)00390-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Jenkinson C, Layte R, Wright L et al (1996) The UK SF-36: an analysis and interpretation manual. Health Services Research Unit, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  25. Khan N, Ward A, Watson E, Rose P (2010) Consulting and prescribing behavior for anxiety and depression in long-term survivors of cancer in the UK. Eur J Cancer 46:3339–3344. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.035

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Foster C, Wright D, Hill H, Hopkinson J, Roffe L (2009) Psychosocial implications of living 5 years or more following a diagnosis of cancer diagnosis; a systematic review of the research evidence. Eur J Cancer 18:223–47. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2354.2008.01001.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ataman OU, Barrett A, Davidson S, De Haas-Kock D, Dische S, Dubray B, Grillo IM et al (2004) Audit of effectiveness of routine follow-up clinics after radiotherapy for cancer. A report of the REACT working group of ESTRO. Radiother Oncol 73:237–249. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2004.05.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Koroukin SM, Murray P, Madigan E (2006) Comorbidity disability and geriatric syndromes in elderly cancer patients receiving home health care. J Clin Oncol 24:2304–2310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Ogle KS, Swanson GM, Woods N (2000) Cancer and comorbidity. Cancer 88:653–663. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142 (20000201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Mols F, Helfenrath K, Vingerhoets A, Coebergh JW, van de Poll-Franse LV (2007) Increased health care utilization among long-term cancer survivors compared to the average Dutch population: a population-based study. Inter J Cancer 121:871–877. doi:10.1002/ijc.22739

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Mols F, Coebergh JW, van de Poll-Franse LV (2007) Health-related quality of life and health care utilisation among older long-term cancer survivors: a population-based study.4. Eur J Cancer 3:2211–2221. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2007.06.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of interest

This research was funded by Macmillan Cancer Support. The authors do not have any financially beneficial relationship with Macmillan Cancer Support. The Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast is the nominated custodian of the primary data; the anonymised data set are available for review if requested.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Olinda Santin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Santin, O., Mills, M., Treanor, C. et al. A comparative analysis of the health and well-being of cancer survivors to the general population. Support Care Cancer 20, 2545–2552 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-011-1372-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-011-1372-9

Keywords

Navigation