Abstract
Goals
This study examined the relationship between personal and medical characteristics and quality of life (QOL) for long-term survivors (LTS) of leukemia and lymphoma, and how social networks influence this relationship.
Patients and methods
Fifty three LTS, at least 10 years postdiagnosis, were administered a standardized psychometric instrument, the Quality of Life—Cancer Survivors, to assess multidimensional aspects of QOL. Social network characteristics were measured by items assessing social support satisfaction, use of supportive care services, network size, and reliance on formal and informal social ties.
Main results
A hierarchical regression model explained 52.4% of the variance in QOL for the final model, including all important predictors. Social support satisfaction (β=0.393, p=0.001) and the use of supportive care services (β=−0.262, p=0.047) significantly predicted QOL after controlling for confounding variables. Social network structures (including network size and reliance on formal and informal social ties) were indirectly associated with QOL through the use of supportive care services.
Conclusions
The results indicate that the use of supportive care services, satisfaction with social support, network size, and reliance on formal and informal social ties affect QOL for long-term cancer survivors. Enhancing cancer survivors’ social networks may ultimately improve their QOL.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dorsett DS (1991) The trajectory of cancer recovery. Sch Inq Nurs Pract 5:175–184
National Cancer Institute and Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (2005) http://dccps.nic.gov/ocs/prevalence.html#survivor
American Cancer Society (2003) Cancer facts and figures, 2003. American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
Baldwin PD (1994) Caring for the indigent patient: resources to improve care. Sem Oncol Nurs 10:130–138
Cella D, Nowinski CJ (2002) Measuring quality of life in chronic illness: the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy measurement system. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 85:S10–S17
Berkman LF, Glass T, Brissette I, Seeman TE (2000) From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Soc Sci Med 51:843–857
Michael YL, Berkman LF, Colditz GA, Holmes MD, Kawachi I (2002) Social networks and health-related quality of life in breast cancer survivors: a prospective study. J Psychosom Res 52:285–293
Sapp AL, Trentham-Dietz A, Newcomb PA, Hampton JM, Moinpour CM, Remington PL (2003) Social networks and quality of life among female long-term colorectal cancer survivors. Cancer 98:1749–1758
Ferrans C (1990) Quality of life: conceptual issues. Sem Oncol Nurs 6:248–254
Aaronson NK (1991) Quality of life research in oncology: past achievements and future priorities. Cancer 67:839–843
Cella D, Chang CH, Lai JS, Webster K (2002) Advances in quality of life measurements in oncology patients. Sem Oncol Nurs 29:60–68
Ferrell BR, Hassey DK, Grant M (1995) Measurement of the quality of life in cancer survivors. Qual Life Res 4:523–531
Wyatt G, Friedman LL (1996) Long-term female cancer survivors: quality of life issues and clinical implications. Cancer Nurs 19:1–7
Zebrack B (2000) Quality of life long-term survivors of leukemia and lymphoma. J Psychosoc Oncol 18:39–59
Kornblith AB, Anderson J, Cella DF, Tross S, Zuckerman E, Cherin E, Henderson E, Weiss R et al (1992) Hodgkin’s disease survivors at increased risk for problems in psychosocial adaptation. Cancer 70:2214–2224
Persson L, Hallberg IR, Ohlsson O (1997) Survivors of acute leukemia and highly malignant lymphoma—retrospective views of daily life problems during treatment and when in remission. J Adv Nurs 25:68–78
Somerfield MR, Curbow B, Wingard JR, Baker F, Fogarty LA (1996) Coping with the physical and psychosocial sequelae of bone marrow transplantation among long-term survivors. J Behav Med 19:163–184
Van Tudler MW, Aaronson NK, Bruning PF (1994) The quality of life of long-term survivors of Hodgkin’s disease. Ann Oncol 5:153–158
Kokkonen J, Vainionpaa L, Winqvist S, Lanning M (1997) Physical and psychosocial outcome for young adults with treated malignancy. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 14:223–232
Loge JH, Abrahamsen AF, Ekeberg O, Hannisdal E, Kaasa S (1997) Psychological distress after cancer cure: a survey of 459 Hodgkin’s disease survivors. Br J Cancer 76:791–796
Haberman M, Bush N, Young K, Sullivan KM (1993) Quality of life of adult long-term survivors of bone marrow transplantation. Oncol Nurs Forum 20:1545–1553
Belec RH (1992) Quality of life: perceptions of long-term survivors of bone marrow transplatation. Oncol Nurs Forum 19:31–37
Gray R, Doan B, Shermer P, Fitzgerald A, Berry M, Jenkin D et al (1992) Psychologic adaptation of survivors of childhood cancer. Cancer 70:2713–2721
Greenberg DB, Kornblith AB, Herndon JE, Zuckerman E, Schiffer CA, Weiss RB et al (1997) Quality of life for adult leukemia survivors treated on clinical trials of cancer and leukemia group b during the period 1971–1988: predictors for later psychologic distress. Cancer 80:1936–1944
Joly F, Henry-Amar M, Arveux P, Reman O, Tanguy A, Peny AM et al (1996) Late psychosocial sequelae in Hodgkin’s disease survivors: a French population-based case control study. J Clin Oncol 14:2444–2453
Norum J, Wist E (1996) Quality of life in survivors of Hodgkin’s disease. Qual Life Res 5:367–374
Wallwork L, Richardson A (1994) Beyond cancer: changes, problems and needs expressed by adult lymphoma survivors attending an out-patients clinic. Eur J Cancer Care 3:122–132
Lin N, Simeone RS, Ensel RM, Kuo W (1979) Social support, stressful life events, and illness: a model and an empirical test. J Health Soc Behav 20:108–119
Fitch M (1994) Providing supportive care for individuals living with cancer. Ontario Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation, Toronto
Sammarco A (2001) Perceived social support, uncertainty, and quality of life of younger breast cancer survivors. Cancer Nurs 24:212–219
Hassey DK, Ferrell BR, Leigh S, Ly I, Gulasekaram P (1996) An evaluation of the quality of life among long-term survivors of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 39:261–273
Zebrack BJ, Chesler MA (2000) Managed care: the new context for social work in health care—implications for survivors of childhood cancer and their families. Soc Work Health Care 31:89–103
Ferrell BR, Dow KH, Leigh S, Ly J, Gulasekaram P (1995) Quality of life in long-term cancer survivors. Oncol Nurs Forum 22:915–922
Baron RM, Kenny DA (1986) The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol 51:1173–1182
Oeffinger KC, Mertens AC, Hudson MM, Gurney JG, Casillas J, Chen H, Whitton J, Yeazel M, Robison LL (2004) Health care of young adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Ann Fam Med 2:61–70
Ganz PA, Desmond KA, Leedham B, Rowland JH, Meyerowitz BE, Belin TR (2002) Quality of life in long-term, disease-free survivors of breast cancer: a follow-up study. J Natl Cancer Inst 94:39–49
Lewis JA, Manne SL, DuHamel KN, Vickburg SM, Bovbjerg DH, Currie V, Winkel G, Redd WH (2001) Social support, intrusive thoughts, and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. J Behav Med 24:231–245
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to express our appreciation to Kathleen Ell, Helen Land, Tyan Parker Dominguez, and Harland Sather for their helpful comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lim, Jw., Zebrack, B. Social networks and quality of life for long-term survivors of leukemia and lymphoma. Support Care Cancer 14, 185–192 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-005-0856-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-005-0856-x