Abstract
To describe the psychological adjustment in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), we studied behavioral problems in 19 patients with CKD stage 5 on regular hemodialysis, 19 patients in the predialysis stage, and 19 control children, using the child behavior checklist (CBCL) and the semi-structured clinical interview for children and adolescents (SCICA). For CBCL scales, the mean score on the internalizing scale was significantly higher in the children on dialysis than in predialysis and control children. No significant differences in the mean scores of the total problem or externalizing scales were found between the groups studied. The mean score of SCICA observed problems and total self-reports were significantly higher in the control group than in the CKD groups. The mean score on total self-report was significantly higher in the control children than in the predialysis group. There were significant positive correlations between SCICA self-report and all CBCL scales. No significant correlations were found between these CBCL and SCICA scales and age, gender, severity of anemia, duration of CKD or the efficiency or the duration of hemodialysis in the CKD patients. In conclusion, multi-method assessment of children’s adjustment through different informants yields a comprehensive view of child psychopathology in CKD that calls for psychosocial support and early identification of maladjustment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Fukuniski L, Honda M (1995) School adjustment of children with end-stage renal disease. Pediatr Nephrol 9:553–557
Fielding D, Brownbridge G (1999) Factors related to psychosocial adjustment in children with end-stage renal failure. Pediatr Nephrol 13:766–770
Fadrowski J, Cole SR, Hwang W, Fiorenza J, Weiss RA, Gerson A, Furth SL (2006) Changes in physical and psychosocial functioning among adolescents with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 21:394–399
Frauman AC, Lansing L (1983) The child with chronic renal failure: 1. Change and challenge. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs 6:127–133
Hobbs SA, Sexson SB (1993) Cognitive development and learning in the pediatric organ transplant recipient. J Learn Disabil 26:104–113
Bakr A, Amr M, Sarhan A, Hammad A, Ragab M, El-Refaey A, El-Mougy A (2007) Psychiatric disorders in children with chronic renal failure. Pediatr Nephrol 22:128–131
Garralda ME, Jameson RA, Reynolds JM, Postlethwaite RJ (1988) Psychiatric adjustment in children with chronic renal failure. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 29:79–90
McEvoy RE (1990) A study of the relationship between family characteristics and child competence in children with chronic renal disease. Dissertation. University of Houston
Kendall PC, Flannery-Schroeder E (1998) Methodological issues in treatment research for anxiety disorders in youth. J Abnorm Child Psychol 26:27–38
Jensen PS, Rubio-Stipec M, Canino G, Bird HR, Dulcan MK, Schwab-Stone MF, Lahey BB (1999) Parent and child contributions to diagnosis of mental disorder: are both informants always necessary? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38:1569–1579
Verhulst F, Achenbach T (1995) Empirically based assessment and taxonomy of psychopathology: cross-cultural applications. A review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 4:61–76
EL-Defrawi MH (1997) Psychiatric disorders in a sample of Egyptian preschool children. Egypt J Psychiatry 20:271–282
Achenbach TM (1991) Manual for child behavior checklist 4–18, 1991 profile. Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, pp 31–67
McConaughy SH, Achenbach TMM (1994) Manual for the semi-structured clinical interview for children and adolescents. Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, pp 30–62
Khater MA, Amr MA, El-Deek B (2005) Reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the semi-structured clinical Interview for children and adolescents (SCICA). Int J Child Neuropsychiatry 2:111–118
Newacheck PW, McManus MA, Fox HB (1991) Prevalence and impact of chronic illness among adolescents. Am J Dis Child 145:1367–1373
Lavigne JV, Faier-Routman J (1992) Psychological adjustment to pediatric physical disorders: a meta-analytic review. J Pediatr Psychol 17:133–157
Mehta M, Bagga A, Pande P, Bajaj G, Srivastava RN (1995) Behavior problems in nephrotic syndrome. Indian Pediatr 32:1281–1286
Soliday E, Kool E, Lande M (2000) Psychosocial adjustment in children with kidney disease. J Pediatr Psychol 25:93–103
Kovacs M, Feinberg TL, Paulauskas S, Finkelstein R, Pollock M, Crouse-Novak M (1985) Initial coping responses and psychosocial characteristics of children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr 106:827–834
Burke PM, Neigut D, Kocoshis S, Chandra R, Sauer J (1994) Correlates of depression in new-onset pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 24:275–283
Kovacs M (1997) Depressive disorder in childhood: an impressionistic landscape. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 38:287–298
Abd El-Azim S, Kamel H, El-Bakry A (2001) Psychosocial aspects of bone marrow transplantation. Egypt J Psychiatry 24:25–42
Fielding D, Moore B, Dewey M, Ashley P, McKendrick T, Pinkerton E (1985) Children with end-stage renal failure: psychological effects on patients, siblings and parents. J Psychosom Res 29:457–465
Bennett DS (1994) Depression among children with chronic medical problems: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr Psychol 19:149–169
Okasha A, Seif El Dawla A, Asaad T (1993) Presentation of hysteria in a sample of Egyptian patients—an update. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res 1:155–159
Kemph J (1982) End stage renal disease—dialysis. Psychiatr Clin North Am 5:407–417
Phipps S, Srivastava DK (1997) Repressive adaptation in children with cancer. Health Psychol 16:521–528
Schoenherr SJ, Brown RT, Baldwin K, Kaslow NJ (1992) Attributional styles and psychopathology in pediatric chronic-illness groups. J Clin Child Psychol 21:380–387
Phipps S, Steele R (2002) Repressive adaptive style in children with chronic illness. Psychosom Med 64:34–42
Weinberger DA (1990) The construct validity of the repressive coping style. In: Singer JL (ed) Repression and dissociation: implications for personality theory, psychopathology and health. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 337–386
Klinnert MD, Mcquaid EL, McCormick D, Adinoff AD, Bryant NE (2000) A multi-method assessment of behavioral and emotional adjustment in children with asthma. J Pediatr Psychol 25:35–46
Comer JS Kendall PC (2004) A symptom-level examination of parent-–child agreement in the diagnosis of anxious youths. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 43:878–886
Achenbach TM, McConaughy SH, Howell CT (1987) Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: implication of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychol Bull 101:213–232
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Amr, M., Bakr, A., El Gilany, A.H. et al. Multi-method assessment of behavior adjustment in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 24, 341–347 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-008-1012-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-008-1012-x