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01-05-2012 | Original Article

Body movement enhances the extraction of temporal structures in auditory sequences

Auteurs: Yi-Huang Su, Ernst Pöppel

Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research | Uitgave 3/2012

Abstract

Auditory and motor systems interact in processing auditory rhythms. This study investigated the effect of intuitive body movement, such as head nodding or foot tapping, on listeners’ ability to entrain to the pulse of an auditory sequence. A pulse-finding task was employed using an isochronous sequence of tones in which tones were omitted at pseudorandom positions. Musicians and non-musicians identified their subjectively fitting pulse either using periodic body movement or through listening only. The identified pulse was measured subsequently by finger tapping. Movement appeared to assist pulse extraction especially for non-musicians. The chosen pulse tempi tended to be faster with movement. Additionally, movement led to higher synchronization stabilities of the produced pulse along the sequence, regardless of musical training. These findings demonstrated the facilitatory role of body movement in entraining to auditory rhythms and its interaction with musical training.

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The terms pulse and beat are often used interchangeably in a musical context. However, beat implies a defined metrical organization based on the alternating strong and weak accentuation (Cooper & Meyer, 1960), which involves the perceptual grouping of pulse, e.g. groups of two or four as in a duple meter, or groups of three as in a waltz meter. Pulse itself, on the other hand, is not confined by metrical specifications; it exists as long as the isochrony is felt by the listener, and is generalizable in processing rhythms across different cultures and musical genres. Therefore, we prefer to use the term pulse here.

A criterion of ITI stability for constituting a ‘pulse’ has not been established in the literature, as it would depend on the task condition and the given stimuli. A study on the perceptual threshold of pulse attribution (Madison & Merker, 2002) found an average 8.6% deviation of the inter-tone intervals in the sequence, beyond which the participants were unable to identify the pulse. Considering the higher difficulty in the present task as the tones in a sequence did not appear regularly, and that the pulse was measured by production, a criterion of 10% was used. This, together with the criterion on inter-pulse interval, appeared to reflect the interaction between musical training and movement well (Fig. 2).

For detailed classification criteria, see Figure S1 and the described procedure in the supplementary material.

Every participant was observed for around 20–30 min during the first experimental block, and also for a shorter while in the beginning of each successive block.

Often two kinds of movement were adopted together by the same participant. The frequency of each employed movement was as follows: head nodding (6), foot tapping (9), and arm swiveling (1).

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Titel: Body movement enhances the extraction of temporal structures in auditory sequences
Auteurs: Yi-Huang Su
Ernst Pöppel
Publicatiedatum: 01-05-2012
Uitgeverij: Springer-Verlag
Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research / Uitgave 3/2012
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-011-0346-3

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