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Clinical determinants of primary and secondary fatigue in patients with Parkinson’s disease

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Abstract

Clinical and psychosocial factors associated separately with primary and secondary fatigue in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients have not been thoroughly studied before. The aim of our study was to assess factors associated with different fatigue domains in groups with primary and secondary fatigue in PD separately. We divided 165 non-demented PD patients according to the absence/presence of depression, anxiety and excessive somnolence into groups with primary fatigue (N = 63) and with secondary fatigue (N = 102). Fatigue domains examined using the multidimensional fatigue inventory were associated through multiple linear regression analyses for each group separately with sociodemographic data, disease duration, functional status as assessed by the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, treatment, depression, anxiety, excessive somnolence and sleep quality. Out of the assessed non-motor symptoms, fatigue was the most frequent (77.6 %). The prevalence of fatigue in the secondary fatigue group was significantly higher than in the primary fatigue group. Both fatigue groups differed significantly in factors associated with different fatigue domains. Functional status or other disease-related factors were not associated with primary fatigue. In the secondary fatigue group, we found associations between some fatigue domains and functional status, older age, male gender and higher anxiety scores. To our knowledge, this is the first study to separately describe clinical determinants and psychosocial factors associated with different fatigue domains in primary and secondary fatigue in PD, underlining the importance of distinguishing primary and secondary fatigue in future PD studies and clinical practice.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract no. APVV-20-038305 (20 %) and APVV-0220-10 (60 %). Furthermore, this work was partially supported by the Agency of the Slovak Ministry of the Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic for the Structural Funds of the EU under project no. ITMS: 26220120058 (20 %).

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical standard

This study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Safarik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, 040 66, Kosice, Slovak Republic

    Matej Skorvanek & Zuzana Gdovinova

  2. Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic

    Matej Skorvanek, Iveta Nagyova, Jaroslav Rosenberger, Martina Krokavcova, Radka Ghorbani Saeedian & Jitse P. van Dijk

  3. Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic

    Iveta Nagyova & Radka Ghorbani Saeedian

  4. Department of Psychiatry, Safarik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, Kosice, Slovak Republic

    Martina Krokavcova

  5. Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Johan W. Groothoff & Jitse P. van Dijk

Authors
  1. Matej Skorvanek
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  2. Iveta Nagyova
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  6. Johan W. Groothoff
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  7. Zuzana Gdovinova
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  8. Jitse P. van Dijk
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Correspondence to Matej Skorvanek.

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Skorvanek, M., Nagyova, I., Rosenberger, J. et al. Clinical determinants of primary and secondary fatigue in patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 260, 1554–1561 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-012-6828-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-012-6828-4

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