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Der Einsatz von Hausaufgaben in der Psychotherapie

Empfehlungen und ihre empirische Fundierung

Homework recommendations in theory and research

Empirical results on the recommended use of homework

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Zusammenfassung

Hausaufgaben sind ein integraler Bestandteil verhaltenstherapeutischer Behandlungen, werden aber auch in anderen Therapierichtungen eingesetzt. Nachgewiesenermaßen begünstigt der Einsatz von Hausaufgaben den Therapieerfolg. Therapeuten stehen damit vor der Herausforderung, die Aufgabenerledigung durch den Patienten angemessen zu fördern. Dementsprechend wurden in einer Vielzahl von Publikationen Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der Akzeptanz und Erledigung therapeutischer Hausaufgaben formuliert. Ziel des vorliegenden Artikels ist eine Zusammenfassung und Strukturierung dieser Vorschläge. Die Empfehlungen wurden mit entsprechenden empirischen Studien verglichen, die den Einfluss einzelner Maßnahmen auf die Compliance des Patienten untersuchten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Großteil der Empfehlungen noch nicht überprüft ist; die Wirksamkeit konnte nur für einzelne Maßnahmen nachgewiesen werden. Abschließend werden Chancen und Grenzen weiterer Forschung zu diesem Thema diskutiert.

Abstract

Homework is not only an essential part of cognitive-behavioral treatment but is also used in a variety of other therapy approaches. Its positive relation to therapy outcome has been proved. In consequence, patients’ compliance with homework assignments is an important therapeutic goal. In the last years, numerous papers focused on recommendations for enhancing acceptance and completion of homework assignments. The present article provides an overview about existing recommendations. Proposals are summarized and opposed to empirical studies on single homework procedures and their influence on homework compliance. Due to a lack of empirical data, the effectiveness of most recommendations could not yet be proved. General problems in homework study design and possible directions of further research addressing homework use are discussed.

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Helbig, S., Fehm, L. Der Einsatz von Hausaufgaben in der Psychotherapie. Psychotherapeut 50, 122–128 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-004-0374-1

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