Abstract
The SNARC effect reflects the observation that when healthy observers with left-to-right reading habits are asked to compare the magnitude or to judge the parity of numbers, they provide faster reaction times (RT) to small numbers with left-sided responses and faster RTs to large numbers with right-sided responses. In magnitude comparison (MC), right brain damaged patients with left-sided neglect typically show a pathologically enlarged SNARC for large numbers and selective slowing to numbers that are immediately lower than the numerical reference (e.g. 4 for reference 5). This asymmetry has been taken as evidence that small numbers are mentally positioned to the left of the reference and, therefore, are processed less efficiently by patients neglecting the left side of space. In parity judgement (PJ), on the other hand, the size of the SNARC effect is unaffected by neglect. This dissociation is typically attributed to the disturbed explicit processing of number magnitude in MC and preserved implicit processing of magnitude in PJ. Before accepting this interpretation, however, it remains to be investigated whether neglect patients show the same RT pattern that characterizes the performance of healthy participants (i.e. left-side RTs that increase linearly as a function of number magnitude and right-side RTs that decrease linearly as a function of magnitude). Clarifying this point is crucial, because an equally sized SNARC can originate from different RT patterns. Here we demonstrate that the RT pattern of neglect patients during PJ is entirely comparable to those of patients without neglect and healthy controls, while the same neglect patients show selective slowing to numbers that are immediately lower than the numerical reference in MC. These findings suggest the existence of multiple left-to-right spatial representations of number magnitude and provides an explanation of the functional dissociation between MC and PJ tasks.
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Notes
Tasks order and the order of the response mapping had no influence on the results. This was evaluated with different ANOVA’s with both SNARC effects and the asymmetry index of the distance effect as dependent variables and Task order, Response mapping and Group membership as independent variables. All main effects and interaction effects with Task Order and Response mapping were not significant (all p’s ≥ 0.10).
To ensure that these correlations were not obscured by the group differences that are present in the data, the analyses were repeated on the data of all participants together, but with all the data being normalized to z-scores for each subject group separately (see van Dijck et al. 2012 for a similar procedure). These analyses did again not produce significant results (r = 0.13 and 0.24 with all p’ > 0.193).
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We would like to thank Mario Pinto and Michelle Pellegrino for their help in testing additional patients.
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van Dijck, JP., Doricchi, F. Multiple left-to-right spatial representations of number magnitudes? Evidence from left spatial neglect. Exp Brain Res 237, 1031–1043 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-019-05483-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-019-05483-5