Abstract
Past research has demonstrated that both peripheral and central vision play an important role in the control of movement direction. However, it has been unclear whether the benefits of these sources of information are due to adjustments in the limb trajectory during movement execution (i.e., online) or modification in motor commands prior to movement initiation (i.e., offline). In the present paper, we analyzed the variability in limb trajectories in a directional aiming task to examine the relative contributions of peripheral and central vision in both the planning and execution of movements. The point of gaze was manipulated to vary where in the limb trajectory information was gained from central and peripheral vision. Analysis of the variability in directional error at various stages of the movement revealed that participants utilized information from early in the trajectory during movement execution when it appeared in both peripheral and central visual fields. Information from late in the trajectory was used offline to improve the programming of subsequent movements regardless of where this information was available in the visual field.
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Notes
The p-values for the Longitudinal Distance main effects should be treated with some caution as it can be argued that the data are not independent.
The assumption was that if the variability profile for the no vision condition can be expressed as f(x) and the profile for another vision condition as af(x), then the two variability profiles have the same form. Variability ratios were calculated for each participant and submitted to an analysis of variance.
Fischer Z transforms were performed since correlation coefficients are not normally distributed.
Bédard and Proteau (2003) have inferred offline control from linear variability profiles. However, they did not analyze the ratios in variability or correlations in error.
A 2 Experiment × 4 Visual Conditions ANOVA revealed that directional variability at the target was greater in Experiment 2 compared with Experiment 1 in all visual conditions, F (1,30)=7.8, p<.01.
We thank an anonymous reviewer for this suggestion.
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Khan, M.A., Lawrence, G.P., Franks, I.M. et al. The utilization of visual feedback from peripheral and central vision in the control of direction. Exp Brain Res 158, 241–251 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-004-1897-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-004-1897-y