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Evidence for modulation of facial emotional processing bias during emotional expression decoding by serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants: an event-related potential (ERP) study

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Abstract

Rationale

Serotonergic (SSRI) and noradrenergic (NRI) antidepressants modulate biases in emotional processing such that perceptual bias is shifted away from negative and towards positive emotional material. However, the effects of serotonergic and noradrenergic modulation on the temporal course (occurring in milliseconds) of emotional processing, and in particular, the rapid physiological changes associated with the different stages of emotional processing, are unknown.

Objective

The current study assessed the effects of acute serotonergic (i.e. with citalopram) and noradrenergic (i.e. with reboxetine) augmentation on event-related potential (ERP) measures associated with ‘structural encoding’ (N170) and emotion expression decoding (N250 and late positive potential [LPP]) for positive (happy) and negative (sad) facial stimuli relative to neutral facial stimuli.

Materials and methods

This study employed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design in which 12 healthy male participants completed a facial expression recognition task tested under three acute conditions: (a) placebo, (b) citalopram (20 mg) and (c) reboxetine (4 mg).

Results

Both citalopram and reboxetine had no effect on the N170 ERP component associated with structural encoding, but potentiated the N250 associated with happy (relative to neutral) emotional facial expression decoding. Both drugs had no valence effects on later ERP measures of emotion expression decoding (LPP).

Conclusions

Citalopram and reboxetine have selective effects on the temporal course of emotional processing with evidence to suggest specific effects on emotion expression decoding of positive (happy) emotional facial stimuli as evidenced by changes in the attention-modulated N250 but not structural encoding. These findings provide physiological evidence that antidepressants may shift perceptual biases in emotional processing away from negative and towards positive stimuli.

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Acknowledgement

Fellowship support for PJN was provided by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

    Rebecca Kerestes, Izelle Labuschagne, Rodney J. Croft & Pradeep J. Nathan

  2. Biological Psychiatry Research Unit, Brain Sciences Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia

    Rodney J. Croft & Barry V. O’Neill

  3. Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK

    Pradeep J. Nathan

  4. Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

    Zubin Bhagwagar

  5. Psychiatric Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    K. Luan Phan

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  1. Rebecca Kerestes
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  2. Izelle Labuschagne
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Correspondence to Rebecca Kerestes or Pradeep J. Nathan.

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Kerestes, R., Labuschagne, I., Croft, R.J. et al. Evidence for modulation of facial emotional processing bias during emotional expression decoding by serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants: an event-related potential (ERP) study. Psychopharmacology 202, 621–634 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1340-3

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