Abstract
In February of 2004, the American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education (APIRE) hosted a Launch and Methodology Conference to discuss the role statistics might play in the eventual revision of the Fourth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and the Ninth Edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD9). The conference consisted of talks on specific topics by statisticians and epidemiologists from North America and Great Britain, followed by group discussion by experts in nosology and psychopathology. We report here on the development of specific themes related to the future interaction between statisticians and nosologists in DSM-V development that arose as a result of that meeting. The themes are related to (1) the nature of the statistician/nosologist interaction; (2) specific areas of concern in that interaction, and (3) the use of novel and complex statistical methods to challenge and inspire new avenues of thinking among nosologists.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brown CH, Liao J (1999) Principles for designing randomized preventive trials in mental health: an emerging developmental epidemiologic paradigm. Am J Community Psychol 27:677–714
Cohen J (1968) Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. Psychol Bull 70:213–229
Cohen J (1983) The cost of dichotomization. Appl Psychol Meas 7(3):249–253
Cooper H, Hedges LV (1994) The handbook of research synthesis. Russell Sage Foundation, New York
Dunn G (2004) Statistical evaluation of measurement errors. 2nd edn. Edward Arnold, London
Embretson SE, Reise S (2000) Item response theory for psychologists. Erlbaum Publishers, Mahwah, NJ
Everitt BS, Dunn G (2001) Applied multivariate data analysis. 2nd edn. Edward Arnold, London
Hedges LV, Olkin I (1985) Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Academic Press Inc, Orlando
Kellam SG, Koretz D, Moscicki EK (1999) Core elements of developmental epidemiologically based prevention research. Am J Community Psychol 27:463–482
Kellam SG, Rebok GW, Mayer LS, Ialongo N, Kalodner CR (1994) Depressive symptoms over first grade and their response to a developmental epidemiological based preventive trial aimed at improving achievement. Dev Psychopathol 6:463–481
Kessler RC (1995) The epidemiology of psychiatric comorbidity. In: Zahner GEP (ed) Textbook of psychiatric epidemiology. Wiley, New York, pp 179–197
Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, et al. (1994) Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:8–19
Kirk SA, Kutchins H (1992) The selling of the DSM: the rhetoric of science in psychiatry. Aldine De Gruyter, New York
Koran LM (1975) The reliability of clinical methods, data and judgments, part 2. N Engl J Med 293:695–701
Kraemer HC (1992) Evaluating medical tests: objective and quantitative guidelines. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA
Kraemer HC (1995) Statistical issues in assessing comorbidity. Stat Med 14:721–733
Kraemer HC, Lowe KK, Kupfer DJ (2005) To your health: how to understand what research tells us about risk. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Kraemer HC, O’Hara R (2004) Categorical versus dimensional approaches to diagnosis: methodological challenges. J Psychiatr Res 38(1):17–25
Kraemer HC, Thiemann S (1987) How many subjects? Statistical power analysis in research. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA
Light RJ, Singer JD, Willett JB (1990) By design. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
MacCallum RC, Zhang S, Preacher KJ, Rucker DD (2002) On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables. Psychol Methods 7(1):19–40
Muthen BO (1987) Response to freedman’s critique of path analysis: improve credibility by better methodological training. J Educ Stat 12(2):178–184
Muthen BO, Brown CH, Masyn K, Jo B, Khoo ST, Yang CC, et al. (2002) General growth mixture modeling for randomized preventive interventions. Biostatistics 3:459–475
Spence MA, Greenberg DA, Hodge SE, Vieland VJ (2003) The emperor’s new methods. Am J Hum Genet 72:1084–1087
Tsuang MT, Taylor JL, Faraone SV (2003) Psychiatric genetics: future and prospects. Methods Mol Med 77:251–165
Wang CP, Brown CH, Bandeen-Roche K (2005) Residual diagnostics for growth mixture models. J Am Stat Assoc 100:1054–1076
Acknowledgements
Concepts reviewed in this paper were discussed at a methodology conference convened by the American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education (APIRE) on February 18–20, 2004 to launch a DSM-V/ICD-11 research planning conference series. The work was supported by NIMH Grant U13-MH067855. The authors would like to thank all of the participants at the conference and particularly those listed in Table 1. They would also like to thank Paul Sirovatka, MS, for editorial contributions to an earlier version of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kraemer, H.C., Shrout, P.E. & Rubio-Stipec, M. Developing the diagnostic and statistical manual V: what will “statistical” mean in DSM-V?. Soc Psychiat Epidemiol 42, 259–267 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-007-0163-6
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-007-0163-6