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Establishment and depletion of the ovarian reserve: physiology and impact of environmental chemicals

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Abstract

The reproductive life span in women starts at puberty and ends at menopause, following the exhaustion of the follicle stockpile termed the ovarian reserve. Increasing data from experimental animal models and epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to a number of ubiquitously distributed reproductively toxic environmental chemicals (RTECs) can contribute to earlier menopause and even premature ovarian failure. However, the causative relationship between environmental chemical exposure and earlier menopause in women remains poorly understood. The present work, is an attempt to review the current evidence regarding the effects of RTECs on the main ovarian activities in mammals, focusing on how such compounds can affect the ovarian reserve at any stages of ovarian development. We found that in rodents, strong evidence exists that in utero, neonatal, prepubescent and even adult exposure to RTECs leads to impaired functioning of the ovary and a shortening of the reproductive lifespan. Regarding human, data from cross-sectional surveys suggest that human exposure to certain environmental chemicals can compromise a woman’s reproductive health and in some cases, correlate with earlier menopause. In conclusion, evidences exist that exposure to RTECs can compromise a woman’s reproductive health. However, human exposures may date back to the developmental stage, while the adverse effects are usually diagnosed decades later, thus making it difficult to determine the association between RTECs exposure and human reproductive health. Therefore, epidemiological surveys and more experimental investigation on humans, or alternatively primates, are needed to determine the direct and indirect effects caused by RTECs exposure on the ovary function, and to characterize their action mechanisms.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0501207) and National Nature Science Foundation (31471346, 31572225 and 31671554).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China

    Wei Ge, Lan Li & Wei Shen

  2. Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA

    Paul W. Dyce

  3. Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy

    Massimo De Felici

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  1. Wei Ge
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Ge, W., Li, L., Dyce, P.W. et al. Establishment and depletion of the ovarian reserve: physiology and impact of environmental chemicals. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 76, 1729–1746 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-019-03028-1

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