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Prevalence of Smoking Among the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTTQ) Subpopulations in Toronto — The Toronto Rainbow Tobacco Survey (TRTS)

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Abstract

Objectives: Research in the United States has found a higher likelihood of smoking among lesbian, gay and bisexual people compared to the general population. However, the smoking prevalence of these subpopulations in Canada is not well documented. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of smoking among the LGBTTQ subpopulations in Toronto, Ontario.

Methods: A self-report questionnaire was administered from April to July 2006 to a convenience sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, transgender and queer (LGBTTQ) community members in Toronto, Ontario. Items measured included: past and current smoking behaviour, sexual orientation, gender identity, age and residential area.

Results: In total, 3,140 LGBTTQ community members completed the Toronto Rainbow Tobacco Survey (TRTS). Overall, 36% of LGBTTQ participants reported current smoking, 25% were former smokers and 39% had never smoked. The smoking prevalence rates ranged from 24% to 45% across the different sexual orientation and gender identity groups of the sample, with bisexual women and bisexual men reporting the highest smoking rate at 45%. The study also reports the first known smoking prevalence rate for gender queer people at 44%. Younger LGBTTQ participants reported even higher smoking rates.

Conclusion: This study corroborates prior research done in other jurisdictions by finding similar and higher smoking rates among Toronto’s LGBTTQ subpopulations compared to the “mainstream” population. The relatively higher rates among LGBTTQ youth, bisexual and gender queer people have implications for targeted awareness and cessation initiatives. Need for future research is discussed.

Résumé

Objectif: Des recherches aux États-Unis font état d’une plus grande probabilité de tabagisme chez les lesbiennes, les hommes gais et les personnes bisexuelles comparativement à la population générale. Toutefois, la prévalence du tabagisme dans ces sous-populations au Canada n’est pas bien attestée. Nous avons voulu déterminer la prévalence du tabagisme dans les sous-populations LGBTBA de Toronto, en Ontario.

Méthode: Un questionnaire d’auto-évaluation a été administré entre avril et juillet 2006 à un échantillon de commodité de personnes lesbiennes, gaies ou homosexuelles, bisexuelles, transgenres, bispirituelles et allosexuelles (LGBTBA) résidant à Toronto (Ontario). Éléments mesurés: l’usage passé et actuel du tabac, l’orientation sexuelle, l’identité de genre, l’âge et le quartier résidentiel.

Résultats: En tout, 3 140 membres de la communauté LGBTBA ont répondu à l’enquête Toronto Rainbow Tobacco Survey (TRTS). Globalement, 36 % des participants LGBTBA ont dit fumer actuellement, 25 % étaient d’anciens fumeurs, et 39 % n’avaient jamais fumé. Les taux de prévalence du tabagisme variaient de 24 % à 45 % entre les différents groupes d’orientation sexuelle et d’identité de genre compris dans l’échantillon; les femmes bisexuelles et les hommes bisexuels ont déclaré les taux de tabagisme les plus élevés, à 45 %. L’étude fait également état du premier taux connu de prévalence du tabagisme chez les personnes allosexuelles (queer), à 44 %. Les jeunes participants LGBTBA ont déclaré des taux de tabagisme encore plus élevés.

Conclusion: Cette étude corrobore les résultats de recherches antérieures menées dans d’autres endroits–les taux de tabagisme observés dans les sous-populations LGBTBA de Toronto sont supérieurs ou égaux aux taux constatés dans la population en général. Les taux relativement plus élevés chez les jeunes LGBTBA et les personnes bisexuelles et allosexuelles devraient être pris en compte dans les initiatives ciblées de sensibilisation et d’arrêt du tabac. L’étude aborde aussi la nécessité de pousser la recherche sur certains aspects.

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Correspondence to J. Robert Coughlin MA.

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Clarke, M.P., Coughlin, J.R. Prevalence of Smoking Among the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTTQ) Subpopulations in Toronto — The Toronto Rainbow Tobacco Survey (TRTS). Can J Public Health 103, 132–136 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03404218

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