Skip to main content
Log in

On the effects of training inductive reasoning: How far does it transfer and how long do the effects persist?

  • Published:
European Journal of Psychology of Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Using the same program, two training experiments have been conducted in a Dutch and in a German elementary school. The common expectation was that training in inductive reasoning would transfer both on intelligence tests measuring inductive reasoning and on math performance. Furthermore, it was expected that the training effects would persist for at least some months after training had ended. In experiment 1 (N=34), a rather short training period turned out to be effective with respect to the intelligence test performance but not with respect to math performance. In experiment 2 (N=23), the amount of training in inductive reasoning was systematically varied. It could be shown that transfer on intelligence test as well as on math performance was linearly dependent on the amount of prior training. The training effects were found to persist between four and nine months after training.

Résumé

Deux entraînements expérimentaux utilisant le même programme ont été conduits dans une école élémentaire hollandaise et allemande. On s’attendait à ce que l’entraînement au raisonnement inductif ait des effets positifs sur la réussite à des tests de raisonnement inductif et sur les performances en mathématiques. On s’attendait par ailleurs à ce que les effets se maintiennent dans les mois suivant l’entraînement. Dans l’expérience 1 (N=34), un entraînement d’une durée relativement limitée eu des effets sur les performances aux tests de raisonnement mais n’en eu pas sur les performances en mathématiques. Dans l’expérience 2 (N=23), on a fait varier systématiquement la durée de l’entraînement. On a constaté que les effets aussi bien au test de raisonnement qu’en mathématiques dépendaient de façon linéaire de la durée des entraînements préalables. Les effets persistent entre quatre et neuf mois après la fin de l’entraînement.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson, J.R. (1987). Skill acquisition: Compliation of weak-method problem solutions.Psychological Review, 94, 192–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brainerd, C.J. (1975). Rejoinder to Bingham-Newman and Hooper.American Educational Research Journal, 12, 389–394.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brainerd, C.J. (1978a). Learning research in Piagetian theory. In L.S. Siegel & C.J. Brainerd (Eds.),Alternatives to Piaget: Critical essays on the theory (pp. 67–100). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brainerd, C.J. (1978b).Piaget’s theory of intelligence. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Büchel, F.P., & Scharnhorst, U. (1992). Training des induktiven Denkens bei Lern- und Geistigbehinderten [Training of inductive reasoning with learning disabled and mentally retarded subjects]. In K.J. Klauer (Ed.),Kognitives Training (pp. 95–123). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cattell, R.B. (1950).Culture fair intelligence test. Champaign: Institute for Personality and Ability Testing.

  • Cohen, J. (1988).Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, R.V. (1988). When is a science analogy like a social studies analogy? A comparison of text analogies across two disciplines.Instructional Science, 17, 169–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, R.V., & Reigeluth, C.M. (1984). The use of analogies in written text.Instructional Science, 13, 99–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eggert, D.C. (Ed.) (1992).Psychomotorisches Training [Psychomotor training]. Weinheim: Beltz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frostig, M., & Hart, W. (1967). Developmental evaluation and the institution of remedial programs for children with learning difficulties.Academic Therapy Quarterly, 2, 76–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frostig, M., Horne, D., & Miller, A.M. (1977).Visuelle Wahrnehmungsstörung. Übungsfolge [Disturbance of visual perception. Training material]. Dortmund. Crüwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frostig, M., Maslow, P., & Miller, A.M. (1972).The developmental program in visual perception. Chicago: Follett.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galperin, P.Ja. (1957). An experimental study in the function of mental actions. In B. Simon (Ed.),Psychology in the Soviet Union (pp. 213–225). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galperin, P.Ja. (1966). Kuceniju ob interiorizacii (Steps of internalization).Voprosy Psichologii, No. 6.

  • Galperin, P.Ja. (1967).Die Psychologie des Denkens und die Lehre von der etappenweisen Ausbildung geistiger Handlungen [The psychology of thought and the method of stepwise building mental acts]. Berlin: Volk und Wissen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gephart, W.J. (1972, October).Toward a Taxonomy of Empirically-Based Problem Solving Strategies. Paper presented at the National Symposium for Professors of Educational Research, Bloomington, Indiana.

  • Goldman, S.R., & Pellegrino, J.W. (1984). Deductions about induction: Analyses of development and individual differences. In R.J. Sternberg (Ed.),Advances in the psychology of human intelligence (Vol. 2, pp. 149–197). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greeno, J.G. (1978). Natures of problem-solving abilities. In K.W. Estes (Ed.),Handbook of learning and cognitive processes (Vol. 5, pp. 239–270). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greeno, J.G., Smith, D.R., & Moore, J.L. (1993). Transfer of situated learning. In D.K. Detterman & R.J. Sternberg (Eds.),Transfer on trial: Intelligence, cognition, and instruction (pp. 99–167). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J.H., Holyoak, K.J., Nisbett, R.E., & Thagard, P.R. (1986).Induction: Process of inference, learning, and discovering. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holzman, T.G., Pellegrino, J.W., & Glaser, R. (1983). Cognitive variables in series completion.Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 603–618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, E. (1974). Quote the Raven? Nevermore! In L. Gregg (Ed.),Knowledge and cognition (pp. 129–157). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inhelder, B., Sinclair, H., & Bovet, M. (1974).Apprentissage et structures de la connaissance [Learning and cognitive structures]. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kingma, J., & TenVergert, E.M. (1993). Transfer: Leertheoretische en cognitivistische benaderingen [Transfer: behavioral and cognitive approaches]. In W. Tomic & P. Span (Eds.),Onderwijspsychologie (pp. 399–436). Utrecht/Heerlen: Lemma, Open Universiteit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klauer, K.J. (1989).Denktraining für Kinder I. Ein Programm zur intellektuellen Förderung [Training Children in Reasoning I. A program for intellectual fostering]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klauer, K.J. (1990a). A process theory of inductive reasoning tested by the teaching of domain-specific thinking strategies.European Journal of Psychology of Education, 5, 191–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klauer, K.J. (1990b). Paradigmatic teaching of inductive thinking. In H. Mandl, N. Bennett, E. de Corte, & H.F. Friedrich (Eds.),Learning and Instruction (Vol. 2, pp. 23–45). Oxford: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klauer, K.J. (1992). Teaching inductive thinking to highly able children.European Journal for High Ability, 3, 164–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klauer, K.J. (1993).Denktraining für Jugendliche [Training in reasoning for youths]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klauer, K.J. (1995). Antworten und neue Befunde [Answers and new results].Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie.9, 13–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klauer, K.J., & Phye, G.D. (1994).Cognitive training for children. A developmental program of inductive reasoning and problem solving. Seattle: Hogrefe & Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luria, A.R. (1976).Cognitive Development: Its cultural and social foundations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mertens, C. (1991).Lehrprogramm zur Wahrnehmungsförderung [Program for improving perception]. Dortmund: Verlag modernes lernen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norman, D.A., Gentner, D.R., & Stevens, A.L. (1976). Comments on learning schemata and memory. In D. Klahr (Ed.),Cognition and instruction (pp. 177–196). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perkins, D.N., & Salomon, G. (1989). Are cognitive skills context-bound?Educational Researcher, 18, 16–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phye, G.D. (1987, September).Training and transfer of fluid intellectual skills. Paper read at the Second European Conference on Learning and Instruction, Tübingen.

  • Phye, G.D., & Sanders, C.E. (1993, September).Strategic transfer of inductive reasoning and problem solving strategies by young children. Paper presented at the 5th EARLI conference, Aix-en-Provence.

  • Piaget, J. (1957).Apprentissage et connaissance [Learning and knowledge]. Les Etudes d’Epistémologie Génétique, (Vol. 10). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, J. (1964). Development and learning. In R.E. Ripple & V.N. Rockcastle (Eds.),Piaget revisited (pp. 7–20). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, J. (1975).L’équilibration des structures cognitives: Problème central du développement [The balance of the cognitive structures: The central issue of development]. Etudes d’Epistémologie Génétique, Vol. 23. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plomp, Tj. (1990). Onderwijskundig ontwerpen. Een inleiding [Design Activities in Education]. In W. Tomic (Ed.),Onderwijskundig Ontwerpen (pp. 15–35). Heerlen: The Open University of the Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Resing, W., & Verbraeken, J. (1993, May).Inductief redeneren: denktraining voor kinderen [Inductive reasoning: Training children in thinking]. Paper presented at the Onderwijsresearch Dagen, Maastricht.

  • Resnick, L.B. (1987). Learning in school and out.Educational Researcher, 16, 13–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogoff, B. (1990).Apprenticeship in thinking: Cognitive development in social context. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spearman, S. (1904). “General Intelligence”: Objectively determined and measured.American Journal of Psychology, 15, 201–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg, R.J., & Gardner, M. (1983). Unities in inductive reasoning.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 112, 80–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomic, W., Kingma, J., & TenVergert, E.M. (1993). Training in Measurement.Journal of Educational Research, 86, 340–348.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tomic, W., Klauer, K.J. On the effects of training inductive reasoning: How far does it transfer and how long do the effects persist?. Eur J Psychol Educ 11, 283–299 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03172941

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03172941

Key words

Navigation