Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Kind en adolescent 2/2008

01-06-2008 | Artikelen

Waarom we doen wat we niet graag doen

Het internalisatieproces toegelicht

Auteurs: Prof. dr. Maarten Vansteenkiste, Dr. Bart Soenens, Prof. dr. Wim Beyers, Prof. dr. Willy Lens

Gepubliceerd in: Kind en adolescent | Uitgave 2/2008

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Samenvatting

Op iedere leeftijd wordt ons gevraagd om activiteiten uit te voeren die we spontaan niet zouden doen, omdat we ze niet boeiend vinden. Dit betekent niet noodzakelijk dat we deze activiteiten op een weerspannige wijze uitvoeren. Naar gelang we erin slagen om de reden van opgedragen activiteiten te internaliseren, zullen we ze met een groter gevoel van psychologische vrijheid uitvoeren, waardoor we ze beter uitvoeren en langer volhouden. In dit artikel worden twee belangrijke theorieën over internalisatie, afkomstig uit de motivatiepsychologie en de ontwikkelingspsychologie, besproken en met elkaar vergeleken. Er wordt aangegeven hoe internalisatie een fundamenteel psychologisch proces is, dat relevant is voor alle leeftijdsgroepen, culturen en tijden.
Literatuur
go back to reference Aksan, N., & Kochanska, G. (2005). Conscience in childhood: old questions, new answers. Developmental Psychology, 41, 506-516. Aksan, N., & Kochanska, G. (2005). Conscience in childhood: old questions, new answers. Developmental Psychology, 41, 506-516.
go back to reference Chirkov, V.I., & Ryan, R.M. (2001). Parent and teacher autonomy-support in Russian and us adolescents: common effects on well-being and academic motivation. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 32, 618-635. Chirkov, V.I., & Ryan, R.M. (2001). Parent and teacher autonomy-support in Russian and us adolescents: common effects on well-being and academic motivation. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 32, 618-635.
go back to reference Chirkov, V.I., Ryan, R.M., Kim, Y., & Kaplan, U. (2003). Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 97-110. Chirkov, V.I., Ryan, R.M., Kim, Y., & Kaplan, U. (2003). Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 97-110.
go back to reference Chirkov, V., Ryan, R.M, & Willness, C. (2005). Cultural context and psychological needs in Canada and Brazil: testing a self-determination approach to the internalization of cultural practices, identity, and well-being. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 423-443. Chirkov, V., Ryan, R.M, & Willness, C. (2005). Cultural context and psychological needs in Canada and Brazil: testing a self-determination approach to the internalization of cultural practices, identity, and well-being. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 423-443.
go back to reference DeCharms, R. (1968). Personal causation: the internal affective determinants of behavior. New York: Academic Press. DeCharms, R. (1968). Personal causation: the internal affective determinants of behavior. New York: Academic Press.
go back to reference Deci, E.L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum. Deci, E.L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum.
go back to reference Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum. Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
go back to reference Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (2000). The ‘what’ and the ‘why’ of goal pursuits: human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268. Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (2000). The ‘what’ and the ‘why’ of goal pursuits: human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268.
go back to reference Deci, E.L., Eghrari, H., Patrick, B.C., & Leone, D.R. (1994). Facilitating internalization: the self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality, 62, 119-142. Deci, E.L., Eghrari, H., Patrick, B.C., & Leone, D.R. (1994). Facilitating internalization: the self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality, 62, 119-142.
go back to reference Deci, E.L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R.M. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 25, 627-668. Deci, E.L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R.M. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 25, 627-668.
go back to reference Gralinski, J.H., & Kopp, C.B. (1993). Everyday rules for behavior: mothers’ requests to young children. Developmental Psychology, 29, 573-584. Gralinski, J.H., & Kopp, C.B. (1993). Everyday rules for behavior: mothers’ requests to young children. Developmental Psychology, 29, 573-584.
go back to reference Grolnick, W.S., Frodi, A., & Bridges, L.J. (1984). Maternal control style and the mastery motivation of one-year-olds. Infant Mental Health Journal, 5, 72-82. Grolnick, W.S., Frodi, A., & Bridges, L.J. (1984). Maternal control style and the mastery motivation of one-year-olds. Infant Mental Health Journal, 5, 72-82.
go back to reference Grusec, J.E., & Goodnow, J.J. (1994). Impact of parental discipline methods on the child’s internalization of values: a reconceptualization of current points of view. Developmental Psychology, 30, 4-19. Grusec, J.E., & Goodnow, J.J. (1994). Impact of parental discipline methods on the child’s internalization of values: a reconceptualization of current points of view. Developmental Psychology, 30, 4-19.
go back to reference Kochanska, G. (2002). Committed compliance, moral self, and internalization: a mediational model. Developmental Psychology, 38, 339-351. Kochanska, G. (2002). Committed compliance, moral self, and internalization: a mediational model. Developmental Psychology, 38, 339-351.
go back to reference Kochanska, G., & Aksan, N. (1995). Mother-child mutually positive affect, the quality of child compliance to requests and prohibitions, and maternal control as correlates of early internalization. Child Development, 66, 236-254. Kochanska, G., & Aksan, N. (1995). Mother-child mutually positive affect, the quality of child compliance to requests and prohibitions, and maternal control as correlates of early internalization. Child Development, 66, 236-254.
go back to reference Kochanska, G., & Aksan, N. (2006). Children’s conscience and self-regulation. Journal of Personality, 74, 1587-1617. Kochanska, G., & Aksan, N. (2006). Children’s conscience and self-regulation. Journal of Personality, 74, 1587-1617.
go back to reference Kochanska, G., Aksan, N., & Koenig, A.L. (1995). A longitudinal study of the roots of preschoolers’ conscience: Committed compliance and emerging internalization. Child Development, 66, 1752-1769. Kochanska, G., Aksan, N., & Koenig, A.L. (1995). A longitudinal study of the roots of preschoolers’ conscience: Committed compliance and emerging internalization. Child Development, 66, 1752-1769.
go back to reference Koestner, R., & Losier, G.F. (2002). Distinguishing three ways of being highly motivated: A closer look at introjection, identification, and intrinsic motivation. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Ed.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 101-122). Rochester, ny: University of Rochester Press. Koestner, R., & Losier, G.F. (2002). Distinguishing three ways of being highly motivated: A closer look at introjection, identification, and intrinsic motivation. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Ed.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 101-122). Rochester, ny: University of Rochester Press.
go back to reference Kopp, C.B. (1982). Antecedents of self-regulation: A developmental perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18, 199-214. Kopp, C.B. (1982). Antecedents of self-regulation: A developmental perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18, 199-214.
go back to reference Lens, W., & Rand, P. (1997). Combining intrinsic goal orientation with professional instrumentality/utility in student motivation. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 28, 103-123. Lens, W., & Rand, P. (1997). Combining intrinsic goal orientation with professional instrumentality/utility in student motivation. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 28, 103-123.
go back to reference Luyten, H., & Lens, W. (1981). The effect of earlier experience and reward contingencies on intrinsic motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 5, 25-36. Luyten, H., & Lens, W. (1981). The effect of earlier experience and reward contingencies on intrinsic motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 5, 25-36.
go back to reference Maccoby, E.E. (1984). Socialization and developmental change. Child Development, 55, 317-328. Maccoby, E.E. (1984). Socialization and developmental change. Child Development, 55, 317-328.
go back to reference Markus, H.R., & Kitayama, S.K. (2003). Models of agency: sociocultural diversity in the construction of action. In V. Murphy-Berman & J.J. Berman (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation, Vol. 49. Cross-cultural differences in perspectives on the self (pp. 1-57). Lincoln/Londen: University of Nebraska Press. Markus, H.R., & Kitayama, S.K. (2003). Models of agency: sociocultural diversity in the construction of action. In V. Murphy-Berman & J.J. Berman (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation, Vol. 49. Cross-cultural differences in perspectives on the self (pp. 1-57). Lincoln/Londen: University of Nebraska Press.
go back to reference Pelletier, L.G., Fortier, M.S., Vallerand, R.J., & Brière, N.M. (2001). Associations among perceived autonomy support, forms of self-regulation, and persistence: a prospective study. Motivation and Emotion, 25, 279-306. Pelletier, L.G., Fortier, M.S., Vallerand, R.J., & Brière, N.M. (2001). Associations among perceived autonomy support, forms of self-regulation, and persistence: a prospective study. Motivation and Emotion, 25, 279-306.
go back to reference Perls, F. (1973). The gestalt approach and eye witness to therapy. New York: Bantam. Perls, F. (1973). The gestalt approach and eye witness to therapy. New York: Bantam.
go back to reference Ryan, R.M., & Connell, J.P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 749-761. Ryan, R.M., & Connell, J.P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 749-761.
go back to reference Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78. Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
go back to reference Schaefer, R. (1968). Aspects of internalization. New York: International Universities Press. Schaefer, R. (1968). Aspects of internalization. New York: International Universities Press.
go back to reference Sheldon, K.M. & Kasser, T. (2001). Getting older, getting better? Personal strivings and psychological maturity across the life span. Developmental Psychology, 37, 491-501. Sheldon, K.M. & Kasser, T. (2001). Getting older, getting better? Personal strivings and psychological maturity across the life span. Developmental Psychology, 37, 491-501.
go back to reference Sheldon, K.M., Elliot, A.J., Ryan, R.M., Chirkov, V., Kim, Y., Wu, C., Demir, M., & Sun, Z. (2004). Self-concordance and subjective well-being in four cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 209-223. Sheldon, K.M., Elliot, A.J., Ryan, R.M., Chirkov, V., Kim, Y., Wu, C., Demir, M., & Sun, Z. (2004). Self-concordance and subjective well-being in four cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 209-223.
go back to reference Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2005). Antecedents and outcomes of self-determination in three life domains: the role of parents’ and teachers’ autonomy support. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 589-604. Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2005). Antecedents and outcomes of self-determination in three life domains: the role of parents’ and teachers’ autonomy support. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 589-604.
go back to reference Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., Luyckx, K., Beyers, W., Goossens, L., & Ryan, R.M. (2007). Conceptualizing parental autonomy support: Adolescent perceptions of promoting independence versus promoting volitional functioning. Developmental Psychology, 43, 633-646. Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., Luyckx, K., Beyers, W., Goossens, L., & Ryan, R.M. (2007). Conceptualizing parental autonomy support: Adolescent perceptions of promoting independence versus promoting volitional functioning. Developmental Psychology, 43, 633-646.
go back to reference Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Luyten, P., Duriez, B., & Goossens, L. (2005). Maladaptive perfectionistic self-representations: the mediational link between psychological control and adjustment. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 487-498. Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Luyten, P., Duriez, B., & Goossens, L. (2005). Maladaptive perfectionistic self-representations: the mediational link between psychological control and adjustment. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 487-498.
go back to reference Steinberg, L., & Silk, J.S. (2002). Parenting adolescents. In M.H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting, Vol. 1. Children and parenting (2nd ed., pp. 103-133). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Steinberg, L., & Silk, J.S. (2002). Parenting adolescents. In M.H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting, Vol. 1. Children and parenting (2nd ed., pp. 103-133). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
go back to reference Vansteenkiste, M. (2003). Belonen, straffen, Big Brother, of aanleren? Het controlerend verkeersbeleid in vraag gesteld vanuit een motivationele analyse. Verkeersspecialist, 94, 15-18. Vansteenkiste, M. (2003). Belonen, straffen, Big Brother, of aanleren? Het controlerend verkeersbeleid in vraag gesteld vanuit een motivationele analyse. Verkeersspecialist, 94, 15-18.
go back to reference Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., Dewitte, S., De Witte, H., & Deci, E.L. (2004). The ‘why’ and ‘why not’ of job search behavior: their relation to searching, unemployment experience and well-being. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 345-363. Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., Dewitte, S., De Witte, H., & Deci, E.L. (2004). The ‘why’ and ‘why not’ of job search behavior: their relation to searching, unemployment experience and well-being. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 345-363.
go back to reference Vansteenkiste, M., Sierens, E., Soenens, B., & Lens, W. (2007). Willen, moeten en structuur: over het bevorderen van een optimaal leerproces. Begeleid Zelfstandig Leren, 37, 1-27. Vansteenkiste, M., Sierens, E., Soenens, B., & Lens, W. (2007). Willen, moeten en structuur: over het bevorderen van een optimaal leerproces. Begeleid Zelfstandig Leren, 37, 1-27.
go back to reference Vansteenkiste, M., Simons, J., Lens, W., & Soenens, B. (2004). De kwaliteit van motivatie telt: promoot intrinsieke doelen in een autonomie-ondersteunende context. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie, 59, 119-131. Vansteenkiste, M., Simons, J., Lens, W., & Soenens, B. (2004). De kwaliteit van motivatie telt: promoot intrinsieke doelen in een autonomie-ondersteunende context. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie, 59, 119-131.
go back to reference Vansteenkiste, M., Zhou, M., Lens, W., & Soenens, B. (2005). Experiences of autonomy and control among Chinese learners: vitalizing or immobilizing? Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 755-764. Vansteenkiste, M., Zhou, M., Lens, W., & Soenens, B. (2005). Experiences of autonomy and control among Chinese learners: vitalizing or immobilizing? Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 755-764.
Metagegevens
Titel
Waarom we doen wat we niet graag doen
Het internalisatieproces toegelicht
Auteurs
Prof. dr. Maarten Vansteenkiste
Dr. Bart Soenens
Prof. dr. Wim Beyers
Prof. dr. Willy Lens
Publicatiedatum
01-06-2008
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
Kind en adolescent / Uitgave 2/2008
Print ISSN: 0167-2436
Elektronisch ISSN: 1876-5998
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03076742

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2008

Kind en adolescent 2/2008 Naar de uitgave