Skip to main content
Log in

Volunteer bias in human sexuality research: Evidence for both sexuality and personality differences in males

  • Published:
Archives of Sexual Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The extent to which personality, social behavior, and sexuality differed in undergraduate males under two different types of recruitment, volunteer and nonvolunteer, was investigated. Nonvolunteers (N=160) were ostensibly recruited for a study on personality, and volunteers (N=204) were overtly recruited for a study on human sexuality. Both samples completed the same personality, social behavior, and sexuality questionnaires. Volunteers were found to be more sexually experienced, more interested in sexual variety, and more erotophilic than the nonvolunteers. In addition and contrary to most prior research, the volunteer and nonvolunteer samples also differed in personality and social behavior, with the volunteers being higher in sensation seeking and lower on measures of social conformity and rule-following behavior than the nonvolunteers. Results extend prior research suggesting limits to the generalizability of some human sexuality research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barker, J. W., and Perlman, D. (1975). Volunteer bias and personality traits in sexual standards research.Arch. Sex. Behav. 4: 161–171.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, K. E. (1973). Volunteer bias in a study of sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior.J. Marr. Fam. 35: 27–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bentler, P. M. (1968). Heterosexual behavior assessment — 1: Males.Behav. Res. Ther. 6: 21–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bogaert, A. F. (1992). Volunteer bias in sex research: An exploratory study of self-reported autoerotic experiences.Can. J. Hum. Sex. 1: 207–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bogaert, A. F. (1993a). The sexual media: The role of individual differences Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Wester Ontario, London, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bogaert, A. F. (1993b). Personality, delinquency, and sexuality: Data from three Canadian samples.Pers. Indiv. Diff. 15: 353–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bogaert, A. F. (1994). An individual difference approach to the sexual media. Manuscript submitted for publication.

  • Bogaert, A. F., and Fisher, W. A. (1994). Predictors of males' sexual partners in the era of AIDS. Manuscript submitted for publication.

  • Bogaert, A. F., and Rushton, J. P. (1989). Sexuality, delinquency, andr/K reproductive strategies: Data from a Canadian University sample.Pers. Indiv. Differ. 10: 1071–1077.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christie, R., and Geis, F. C. (1970).Studies in Machiavellianism Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Claridge, G. (1983). The Eysenck Psychoticism Scale. In Butcher, J. N., and Speilberger, C. D. (eds.),Advances in Personality Assessment, Vol. 2, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 71–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eysenck, H. J. (1976).Sex and Personality, Open Books, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eysenck, H. J., and Eysenck, S. B. G. (1975).Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Hodder & Stoughton, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eysenck, H. J., and Eysenck, S. B. G. (1976).Psychoticism as a Personality Dimension, Hodder & Stoughton, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farkas, F. M., Sine, L. F., and Evans, I. M. (1978). Personality, sexuality, and demographic differences between volunteers and nonvolunteers for a laboratory study of male sexual behaviour.Arch. Sex. Behav. 7: 513–520.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, W. A., Byrne, D., White, L., and Kelley, K. (1988). Erotophobia — Erotophilia as a dimension of personality.J. Sex. Res. 25: 123–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hindelang, M. J., Hircshi, T., and Weis, J. G. (1979). Correlates of delinquency: The illusion of discrepancy between self-report and official measures.Am. Sociol. Rev. 44: 995–1014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, D. N. (1967).Manual for the Personality Research Form, Research Psychologists Press, Goshen, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, D. N. (1984).Personality Research Form Manual, Research Psychologists Press, Port Huron, MI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaats, G. R., and Davis, K. E. (1971). Effects of volunteer biases in studies of sexual behavior and attitudes.J. Sex Res. 7: 26–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenrick, D. T., Stringfield, D. O., Wagenhals, W. L., Dahl, R., and Ransdell, H. J. (1980). Sex differences, androgyny and approach responses to erotica: A new variation on an old volunteer problem.J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 38: 517–524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koss, M. (1993). Detecting the scope of rape: A review of prevalence research methods.J. Interpers. Violence 8: 198–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koss, M. P., and Oros, C. J. (1982). Sexual Experiences Survey: A research instrument investigating sexual aggression and victimization.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 50: 455–457.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malamuth, N. M. (1986). Predictors of naturalistic sexual aggression.J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 50: 953–962.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malamuth, N. M. (1989a). The Attraction to Sexual Aggression Scale: Part 1.J. Sex. Res. 26: 26–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malamuth, N. M. (1989b). The Attraction to Sexual Aggression Scale: Part 2.J. Sex Res. 26: 324–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morokoff, P. J. (1986). Volunteer bias in the psychophysiological study of female sexuality.J. Sex Res. 22: 35–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mosher, D. L., and Anderson, R. D. (1986). Macho personality, sexual aggression, and reactions to guided images of rape.J. Res. Pers. 20: 70–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mosher, D. L., and Sirkin, M. (1984). Measuring a macho personality constellation.J. Res. Pers. 18: 150–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nederhof, A. (1983). The effects of material incentives in mail surveys: Two studies.Public Opinion Quart. 47: 103–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nirenberg, T. D., Wincze, J. P., Bansal, S., Liepman, M. R., Engle-Friedman, M., and Begin, A. (1991). Volunteer bias in a study of male alcoholics' sexual behavior.Arch. Sex. Behav. 20: 371–379.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rushton, J. P., and Chrisjohn, R. D. (1980). Extraversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism and Self-Reported Delinquency.Pers. Indiv. Diff. 2: 11–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rushton, J. P., Chrisjohn, R. D., and Fekkon, G. C. (1981). The altruistic personality and the Self-Report Altruism Scale.Pers. Indiv. Diff. 2: 293–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shepher, J., and Reisman, J. (1985). Pornography: A sociobiological attempt at understanding.Ethnol. Sociobiol. 6: 103–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, D. M., Fisher, W. A., Hewitt, E. C., and Clayton, J. P. (1985). A method for empirically assessing volunteer selection effects: Recruitment procedures and responses to erotica.J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 49: 1703–1712.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tims, A. R., Jr., Swart, C., and Kidd, R. F. (1976). Factors affecting predecisional communication behavior after helping requests.Hum. Commun. Res. 2: 271–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winett, R. A., Stewart, G., Majors, and James, S. (1978). Prompting techniques to increase the return rate of mailed questionnaires.J. Appl. Behav. Anal. 11: 437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolchik, S. A., Braver, S. L., and Jensen, K. (1985). Volunteer bias in erotica research: Effects of intrusiveness of measure and sexual background.Arch. Sex. Behav. 14: 93–107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolchik, S. A., Spencer, S. L., & Lisi, I. S. (1983). Volunteer bias in research employing vaginal measures of sexual arousal: Demographic, sexual and personality characteristics.Arch. Sex. Behav. 12: 399–408.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman, M. (1979).Sensation Seeking: Beyond the Optimal Level of Arousal Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This paper was completed while the author was a Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada Postdoctoral Fellow.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bogaert, A.F. Volunteer bias in human sexuality research: Evidence for both sexuality and personality differences in males. Arch Sex Behav 25, 125–140 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02437932

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02437932

Key words

Navigation