Second-order factors

Abstract

Second-order factors are defined and illustrated in terms of a literal notation, a physical example, a diagrammatic representation, a geometrical example, and the matrix equations relating the first-order and second-order domains. Both kinds of factors are discussed as parameters which may be not only descriptive of the individual objects in a statistical population but also descriptive of the restrictive conditions under which the objects were generated or selected. Second-order factors may be of significance in reconciling the several theories of intelligence. This paper is concerned with test configurations that show simple structure. If such a structure is not revealed, then the second-order domain is indeterminate.