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The Bi-factor method

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Abstract

The Bi-factor Method of factor analysis is described and illustrated with a small group of fourteen tests. A detailed illustration is given of how the method may be modified to the case of overlapping group factors. It is advocated that the Bi-factor pattern in unmodified form be used to determine the adequacy of tests for the measurement of unitary traits.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Chicago, USA

    Karl J. Holzinger & Frances Swineford

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  1. Karl J. Holzinger
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  2. Frances Swineford
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Holzinger, K.J., Swineford, F. The Bi-factor method. Psychometrika 2, 41–54 (1937). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02287965

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02287965

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